摘要
科技的进步,在助力公民生命、财产安全等物理层面人权保障的同时,极大程度地对公民精神层面的人权保障带来新的挑战,即公民的隐私权等正在不断被碾压。考虑科技发展带来的此等双刃剑效应,理应重思刑事证据合法性保障的人权内涵。检视我国现行非法证据排除规则以及司法实践现状可知,对证据非法性的审查认定基本上只在意是否侵犯公民的生命、健康、自由等人权,却极少关注是否侵犯公民的隐私权。随着物理空间与网络空间的进一步交融,电子数据已成为数字时代最基础、最核心的证据,若依然将其合法性“误定”为如同物证、书证合法性那般的客观真实性,固守于传统的物理层面人权侵害标准,必然难以满足新形势下精神层面隐私权等人权保障的需求。因此,基于刑事证据合法性之“法”的动态性及其所保障人权的多维性,应在刑事诉讼法第四次修改时,增设搜查手机等电子设备中电子数据的法律规定,修正电子数据合法性的审查判断规则,同时更新迭代技术侦查的相关规定、正清电子数据等实物证据的合法性所在,适当扩大排除非法证据的证据种类并明确证据排除程序,以进一步完善我国刑事证据合法性相关规定及规则,助力人权保障。
The improvement of technology,while enhances the protection of physical human rights such as the right to life or property safety,yet it brings new challenges to the protection of citizens'spiritual rights,that is,the right to privacy is being increasingly trampled on.Considering the double-edged nature of technological development,it is imperative to reconsider the human right connotation of the legitimacy of criminal evidence.An examination of China's current exclusive rules of illegally-obtained evidence and the status quo of judicial practice shows that the review and determination of evidence illegality basically only focuses on whether citizens human rights such as life,health,and freedom are violated,with little attention to whether their right to privacy is infringed.is infringed.With the further integration of physical space and cyberspace,electronic data,namely the most basic and core evidence in the digital era,is mistakenly equated to the objective authenticity of physical and documentary evidence.If we still adhere to the traditional standard of infringing on physical human rights,it will inevitably fail to meet the needs of protecting spiritual human rights such as the right to privacy under the new situation.Based on the dynamic nature of the"law"concerning the legality of criminal evidence and the multidimensionality of the human rights it protects,when the Criminal Procedure Law is revised for the fourth time,it should add legal provisions for the search of the electronic data storing in electronic devices such as mobile phones,correct the rules for reviewing and determining legitimacy of electronic data,update the regulation about technical investigation,confirm the meaning of legitimacy of physical evidence including electronic data,appropriately expand the types of evidence that can be excluded and refine the process of the exclusionary rule,in order to further improve China's relevant provisions concerning the legitimacy of criminal evidence and contribute to the protection of human rights.
出处
《法学杂志》
北大核心
2026年第1期1-21,共21页
Law Science Magazine
基金
北京市社会科学基金项目(项目编号:23FXB011)
西南政法大学刑事辩护高等研究院“2024年度刑事辩护制度研究、刑事证据制度研究攻关课题”之“《刑事诉讼法》证据制度立法修改建议”研究成果。
关键词
刑事证据合法性
非法证据排除
人权保障
隐私权
技术侦查
legitimacy of criminal evidence
illegal evidence exclusion
human right protection
the right to privacy
technical investigation
