摘要
为解决医疗废物处理过程中存在的二次污染、效率不足及成本较高等问题,开发了一款基于高温蒸汽技术的移动式医疗废物快速处理装置。该装置集成了物料破碎、真空处理、高温蒸汽灭菌、废液废气净化及自动化控制等功能模块,可在医疗废物产生现场实现快速无害化处理。研究采用高温蒸汽灭菌技术,通过优化处理温度、压力和时间等关键参数,结合破碎预处理和真空脱水工艺,显著提高了处理效率。实验结果表明,该装置对医疗废物的微生物灭活率达到99.99%,处理后的废物体积最大可缩减80%,质量最多可减少50%。与传统的焚烧、化学消毒等处理方法相比,该装置具有处理周期短、能耗低、无有害气体排放等优势。在应急防疫、偏远地区医疗机构、舰船、车载及海岛等特殊场景下的测试表明,该装置运行稳定可靠,能够实现医疗废物的源头减量化和无害化处理。研究成果为构建高效、安全的医疗废物处理体系提供了新的技术方案,对提升突发公共卫生事件应对能力和保障环境安全具有重要应用价值。
To solve the problems of secondary pollution,inefficiency and high cost in the process of medical waste treatment,a mobile medical waste rapid treatment device is developed based on high-temperature steam technology.The device integrates functional modules such as material crushing,vacuum treatment,high-temperature steam sterilization,waste liquid and waste gas purification and automatic control,which can achieve rapid and harmless treatment at the site of medical waste generation.The study adopts high-temperature steam sterilization technology,optimizes key parameters such as treatment temperature,pressure and time,combines with crushing pretreatment and vacuum dehydration process,and significantly improves the treatment efficiency.The experimental results show that the device has a microbial inactivation rate of 99.99%for medical waste,and the volume of the treated waste can be reduced by up to 80%and the weight can be reduced by up to 50%.Compared with traditional treatment methods such as incineration and chemical disinfection,the device has the advantages of short treatment cycle,low energy consumption and no harmful gas emissions.Tests in special scenarios such as emergency epidemic prevention,medical institutions in remote areas,ships,vehicles and islands have shown that the device operates stably and reliably,and can achieve source reduction and harmless treatment of medical waste.The research results provide a new technical solution for building an efficient and safe medical waste treatment system,which has important application value in improving the ability to respond to public health emergencies and ensuring environmental safety.
作者
曹捷
张国琦
闫兴涛
张亚龙
储冰雪
Cao Jie;Zhang Guoqi;Yan Xingtao;Zhang Yalong;Chu Bingxue(Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710119,China;Xidian University,Xi’an 710126,China)
出处
《机电工程技术》
2025年第23期191-198,共8页
Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology
基金
陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBGY-128)。
关键词
医疗废弃物处理
自动化控制
高温蒸汽灭菌
体积减容
物联网监控
medical waste disposal
automated control
high temperature steam sterilization
volume reduction
IoT monitoring
