摘要
在食品加工与贮藏过程中,食品工业常通过低温冷藏、酸化处理、化学消毒等胁迫技术抑制微生物活性。单核细胞增生李斯特菌作为典型嗜冷菌,因其极强的环境耐受性而广泛存活于加工环境、设施及食品中。细菌细胞膜作为外部环境与细胞质之间的结构屏障,是菌体适应环境胁迫的关键靶点。脂肪酸作为细胞膜的主要构成成分,不仅参与膜结构的组装,更在细胞应对环境胁迫的适应性调节中发挥重要作用。本文系统综述了环境胁迫下单核细胞增生李斯特菌膜脂适应的研究现状,重点介绍低温胁迫,阐释其在不同胁迫条件下膜脂组成与结构的动态变化规律,深入探讨膜流动性及毒力因子表达调控机制,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。研究表明,当微生物面临外界压力时,膜脂肪酸的修饰是维持细胞膜完整性和功能的关键策略。深入解析不同环境胁迫下菌体膜脂的适应性调节机制,将为单核细胞增生李斯特菌的防控和食品安全保障提供重要理论依据。
During food processing and storage,the food industry often uses various stress technologies such as low-temperature refrigeration,acidification treatment,and chemical disinfection to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrophilic bacterium with extremely strong tolerance to adverse environments,enabling it to persist for a long time in the processing environment,facilities and food products.The bacterial cell membrane serves as a structural barrier between the external environment and the cytoplasm,being a key target for bacterial adaptation to environmental stress.Fatty acids,the major components of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane,not only participate in the assembly of membrane structures but also play a crucial role in the adaptive regulation of cells in response to environmental stress.This paper provides a systematic review of the current status of research on the adaptation of membrane lipids of L.monocytogenes to environmental stresses with a focus on low-temperature stress treatment.It elucidates the pattern of variations in the composition and structure of membrane lipids under different stress conditions,delves into the regulatory mechanisms of membrane fluidity and virulence factor expression,and proposes future research directions.Studies have shown that when microorganisms face external pressure,modification of membrane fatty acids is a key strategy to maintain cell membrane integrity and function.In-depth analysis of how bacterial membrane lipids adapt to different environmental stresses will provide an important theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the contamination of L.monocytogenes and thus ensuring food safety.
作者
王园
纪婧
吴酉芝
刘爱国
董银苹
董庆利
WANG Yuan;JI Jing;WU Youzhi;LIU Aiguo;DONG Yinping;DONG Qingli(School of Food and Pharmacy,Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University,Shanghai 201514,China;School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment,National Health Commission,China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100021,China)
出处
《食品科学》
北大核心
2025年第20期360-369,共10页
Food Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32472453)
上海中侨职业技术大学校级项目(ZQZR202434)。
关键词
环境胁迫因素
单核细胞增生李斯特菌
膜脂适应
膜流动性
毒力因子
environmental stress factors
Listeria monocytogenes
membrane lipid adaptation
membrane fluidity
virulence factors
