摘要
本试验旨在探究纳米硒(SeNPs)对陕北白绒山羊生长性能、血清指标、瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构的影响。采用单因素随机分组设计,选取56只体重[(22.0±1.5)kg]相近的5月龄陕北白绒山羊公羔,随机分为4组,每组14只。4组试验羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、0.09、0.18和0.27 mg/kg SeNPs(以硒计)的饲粮,饲粮实际硒含量分别为0.074(Ⅰ组)、0.164(Ⅱ组)、0.254(Ⅲ组)和0.344 mg/kg(Ⅳ组),开展为期75 d的饲养试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组料重比(F/G)显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量极显著提高(P<0.01),血清尿素氮(UN)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著提高(P<0.01),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组瘤胃液氨态氮(NH 3-N)和微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度为4组中最高,其中,瘤胃液乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05),丁酸浓度显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。4)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组瘤胃微生物Chao1指数显著提高(P<0.05)。在门水平上,Ⅳ组瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);在属水平上,Ⅲ组瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)的相对丰度极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.01),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组瘤胃奎因氏菌属(Quinella)的相对丰度极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。综上可知,饲粮中添加适量SeNPs可提高陕北白绒山羊的ADG和ADFI,降低F/G,改善血清生化指标及抗氧化能力,同时还能调节瘤胃菌群结构,促进瘤胃发酵。综合来看,以SeNPs作为硒源的最适硒添加量为0.18 mg/kg。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)on growth performance,serum indexes,rumen fermentation parameters and microflora structure of Shaanbei white cashmere goats.A single-factor randomized grouping design was adopted,and fifty-six 5-month-old Shaanbei white cashmere male lambs with similar body weight[(22.0±1.5)kg]were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 14 lambs in each group.Lambs in the 4 groups were fed diets supplemented with 0,0.09,0.18 and 0.27 mg/kg SeNPs(calculated as selenium)in the basal diet,and the actual selenium contents in the diets were 0.074(groupⅠ),0.164(groupⅡ),0.254(groupⅢ)and 0.344 mg/kg(groupⅣ),respectively.The feeding experiment lasted for 75 days,with a 15-day pre-test period and a 60-day formal test period.The results showed as follows:1)compared with groupⅠ,the average daily gain(ADG)in groupⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the average daily feed intake(ADFI)in groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwas significantly increased(P<0.05).The feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)in groupⅢwas significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups(P<0.05).2)Compared with groupⅠ,the serum glucose(GLU)content in groupsⅢandⅣwas extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and the serum urea nitrogen(UN)content was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01);the serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwas extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and the serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and catalase(CAT)activities were significantly increased(P<0.05);the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content in groupⅢwas significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)Compared with groupⅠ,the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)and microbial protein(MCP)in rumen fluid in groupⅢwere significantly increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid in groupⅢwere the highest among the 4 groups.Among them,the concentrations of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid in groupⅢwere significantly higher than those in groupsⅠandⅣ(P<0.05),the propionic acid concentration was significantly higher than that in groupⅣ(P<0.05),and the butyric acid concentration was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups(P<0.05).4)Compared with groupⅠ,the rumen microbial Chao1 index in groupⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in rumen in groupⅣwas significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05);at the genus level,the relative abundance of Prevotella in rumen in groupⅢwas extremely significantly higher than that in groupsⅠandⅣ(P<0.01),and the relative abundance of Quinella in rumen in groupsⅡandⅣwas extremely significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary supplementation with appropriate amount of SeNPs can increase the ADG and ADFI,decrease the F/G,and improve the serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Shaanbei white cashmere goats;it can also regulate rumen microflora structure and promote rumen fermentation.Based on comprehensive analysis,the optimal selenium supplementation level using SeNPs as the selenium source is 0.18 mg/kg.
作者
苏红萍
沈娜
丁常根
王涛
麻文静
刘燕泽
刘健鹏
李陇平
冯平
SU Hongping;SHEN Na;DING Changgen;WANG Tao;MA Wenjing;LIU Yanze;LIU Jianpeng;LI Longping;FENG Ping(College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Yulin Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center,Yulin 719000,China;Shaanxi Province Engineering&Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goat,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期6072-6083,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
榆林市科技局产学研项目(2023-CXY-174,2023-CXY-163)
榆林市产学研科技项目(CXY-2021-87)
陕西省科技厅一般项目-农业领域(S2023-YF-YBNY-0080)。
关键词
纳米硒
陕北白绒山羊
生长性能
血清指标
瘤胃发酵参数
瘤胃菌群结构
selenium nanoparticles
Shaanbei white cashmere goats
growth performance
serum indexes
rumen fermentation parameters
rumen microflora structure
