摘要
近年来,为积极推进职普融通,缓解职普分流焦虑,实现职普协调发展,综合高中改革再次成为教育改革的热点议题。作为高中阶段教育的一种办学形态和制度设计,综合高中办学的影响因素在各国具有较强的共通性。基于历史制度主义对美国综合高中百年发展历史的分析发现,其形态和功能大致经历了三个阶段:单轨制与双轨制博弈中的综合高中办学、科学技术发展驱动下的综合高中改革、综合高中学术化的倾向与综合性的式微。美国综合高中演进的动力机制,体现了社会存在和社会意识间的辩证关系,显示出综合高中的理想形态与美国竞争化社会的内在张力。社会制度环境、经济发展模式与高中教育功能三大影响因素,构成了分析综合高中发展逻辑的理论框架。改革开放之后我国综合高中的设计,是在“走工业化道路-期待高中阶段教育为学生提供更多选择-维护教育公平”的框架下进行的,但这一制度设计存在内部冲突或支撑制度缺失的情况。因此,要正视综合高中的顶层设计与我国社会期待的距离,同时将中等职业教育作为当前我国以综合高中推进职普融通的有效抓手。
Recent educational reforms have revitalized comprehensive high schools as a pivotal approachto integrate vocational and academic pathways,alleviate streaming anxieties,and foster balanced educationaldevelopment.As an institutional model in secondary education,comprehensive high schools exhibit significantcross⁃national commonality in their design logic and influencing factors.Through a historical institutionalismanalysis of America’s century⁃long experience,three developmental phases emerge:institutional formationduring the single⁃track versus dual⁃track debate,reform driven by scientific⁃technological advancement,andthe contemporary trend toward academic intensification with concomitant curricular contraction.Theevolutionary dynamics reveal a dialectical relationship between social consciousness and material conditions,exposing inherent tensions between the idealized comprehensive model and competitive societal structures.Three constitutive factors—societal institutions,economic paradigms,and educational functions—form thetheoretical framework for analyzing institutional logic.China’s post⁃reform comprehensive high schoolinitiatives operate within the paradigm of“industrialization,educational choice,and equity,”yet confrontinstitutional misalignments or lack of supporting institutions.Consequently,policymakers must reconcile top⁃level designs with societal expectations while strategically positioning secondary vocational education as theanchor for effective vocational⁃academic integration.
作者
李政
许尚谋
LI Zheng;XU Shangmou(Institute of Vocational and Adult Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Department of Biology,University of Washington,Seattle,WA 98105,USA)
出处
《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期131-140,共10页
Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)
基金
全国教育科学规划一般项目“服务人口高质量发展的职业教育资源配置机制研究”(BJA240171)。
关键词
综合高中
美国
职普融通
历史制度主义
中等职业教育
comprehensive high school
United States
vocational⁃academic integration
historicalinstitutionalism
secondary vocational education
