摘要
目的通过探讨福州市马尾区手足口病流行特征与肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)疫苗接种的效果,为寻找更有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2010年1月1日—2020年12月31日马尾区手足口病疫情监测数据和2017—2020年EV71疫苗接种资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行流行特征和疫苗接种效果分析。结果2010—2020年马尾区报告手足口病总共5482例,重症54例,死亡1例,年均发病率为206.82/10万。除2020年外,其余年份发病高峰为每年4—7月和9—10月;男性发病率高于女性,发病年龄主要聚集在3岁以下(占68.88%),发病人群以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主;感染的病毒类型主要为其他肠道病毒,不同年份病原构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=165.06,P<0.001)。2017—2020年马尾区接种EV71疫苗共11231剂次,平均估算接种率为10.63%,总体接种率偏低。结论福州市马尾区手足口病疫情防控形势仍旧严峻,相关部门需在发病高峰、重点场所对低龄儿童有针对性开展健康宣教工作;疫苗接种能有效降低发病率和重症发生率,建议通过多渠道提高疫苗接种率。
Objective By exploring the epidemic characteristics of hand foot mouth disease(HFMD)and the effects of inoculation on Enterovirus 71(EV71)vaccine in Mawei district,Fuzhou City,this paper provided a scientific basis for searching for more effective prevention and control strategies.Methods To analyse the monitoring data of HFMD from January 1,2010 to December 31,2020 and EV71 vaccination from 2017 to 2020 in Mawei district,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics and vaccination effects.Results From 2010 to 2020,a total of 5482 cases of HFMD were reported in Mawei district,including 54 severe cases and 1 death,with an average annual incidence rate of 206.82/100000.Except for 2020,the incidence peaks in other years were from April to July and September to October each year.The incidence of male HFMD was significant higher than that of female HFMD.The patients were mainly in the age group under≤3 years old(68.88%),and the reported cases were mainly concentrated in children of living in scattered and in nurseries and kindergarten.The main types of viruses were other enteroviruses,and there were statistical differences in the pathogen composition ratio in different years(χ^(2)=165.06,P<0.001).A total of 11231 doses of EV71 vaccine were administered in Mawei district from 2017 to 2020,with an average estimated vaccination rate of 10.63%,indicating a low overall vaccination rate.Conclusion The epidemic of HFMD in Mawei district is serious,and the situation of prevention and control is still serious.Relevant departments need to carry out targeted health education for young children in the peak and key places.Vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of morbidity and severe illness.It is recommended to improve the vaccination rate through multiple channels.
作者
赖绮华
张颖
LAI Qihua;ZHANG Ying(Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease Section,Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou Fujian 350001,China;Department of Disease Control,Mawei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou Fujian 350001,China)
出处
《中国卫生标准管理》
2023年第7期34-38,共5页
China Health Standard Management
关键词
手足口病
流行特征
病原学特征
EV71疫苗
效果分析
马尾区
hand-food-mouth-disease(HFMD)
epidemiology characteristics
etiological characteristics
EV71 vaccine
effect analysis
Mawei district
