摘要
目的 分析2016—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病防控提供依据。方法收集2016—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区手足口病监测报告信息和同年手足口病哨点监测的实验室病原学检测信息,采用描述性流行病学的方法分析在新冠疫情发生前后8年手足口病的流行病学特征。结果 2016—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区共监测报告手足口病28 932例,年均发病率为285.04/10万,新冠疫情后(2020—2023年)年均发病率为206.37/10万,明显低于新冠疫情前(2016—2019年)的382.60/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=691.73,P<0.01);新冠疫情前呈年内双峰分布和年间呈偶数年高发的流行特征,新冠疫情后转变为呈年内单峰分布和年间呈奇数年高发的流行特征;手足口病的高发人群为5岁及以下儿童,且男童较女童高发,城区高发于农村;疫情前后均以其他肠道病毒为优势毒株。结论 新冠疫情后,重庆市沙坪坝区手足口病疫情明显低于疫情前水平,疫情高发年和高发月份均发生明显的变化,应采取针对性的防控措施进行有效应对。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shapingba of Chongqing from 2016 to 2023,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods Data of monitoring reports on hand-foot-mouth disease and laboratory pathogen detection of sentinel monitoring in Shapingba during 2016 to 2023,were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in the area.Results A total of 28932 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Shapingba,with an average annual incidence rate of 285.04/100000.After the COVID-19(2020-2023),the average annual incidence rate was 206.37/100000,which was lower than the incidence rate of 382.60/100000 before the COVID19(2016-2019),showing statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=691.73,P<0.01).Before the COVID-19 pandemic,the hand-foot-mouth disease in this area exhibited an epidemiological characteristic of a bimodal distribution in the year and a higher incidence in even-numbered years.After the pandemic,this pattern shifted to a unimodal distribution within a year and a higher incidence in odd years.The high-risk population of hand-foot-mouth disease mainly consisted of children aged 5 and under,with a higher incidence among boys than girls,and the incidence was higher in urban areas than in rural areas.Before and after the pandemic,other entero-viruses were the dominant strains.Conclusions After the COVID-19 pandemic,the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shapingba is significantly lower than that before the pandemic.There are remark-able changes in the peak-incidence years and months.Therefore,targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to effectively address the situation.
作者
张协
杨长绢
吴昕锴
徐茜
支倩
杨连建
ZHANG Xie;YANG Changjuan;WU Xinkai;XU Qian;ZHI Qian;YANG Lianjian(Chongqing Shapingba Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400038,China)
出处
《中国校医》
2025年第5期370-373,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Doctor
