摘要
网络游戏障碍(internet gaming disorder,1GD)是指个体在玩游戏过程中出现对游戏的极度依赖,无法合理控制其游戏时间,通常情况下IGD个体在不玩游戏时还会伴随戒断症状。结合以往行为学、神经电生理及神经影像学研究,本文从执行功能、奖赏系统以及情绪调节功能异常三个方面探讨IGD个体认知功能异常及其神经机制。首先,执行功能作为涉及认知和行为过程的高级认知加工能力,其中认知控制常常与个体的目标导向行为及灵活应用高级认知功能的能力相联系,IGD个体反复且过度的游戏行为可能与其认知控制及决策功能异常存在联系,而注意过程作为执行功能的另一重要组成成分,网络游戏成瘾行为的持续性发作常常与其对游戏相关线索的注意偏向相关,此外,IGD个体在决策、优势反应抑制等执行功能异常表现出差异,则提示其“冷”“热”执行功能异常存在分离,而这一特点也可能与其他认知功能异常存在联系;其次,奖赏刺激在个体动机学习、目标导向性行为中扮演重要角色,在多种类型的赏罚刺激中IGD个体对于奖赏刺激的敏感性增高提示其奖赏系统异常;最后,情绪调节作为执行功能存在紧密联系的重要认知功能,IGD个体所表现出的焦虑、抑郁情绪往往与其无法灵活应用情绪调节策略存在联系,不恰当的情绪调节策略及情绪反应则提示其情绪调节功能异常。综上所述,认知功能异常不仅是IGD成瘾症状产生的基础,也是其症状维持的重要因素之一,此外,本文也针对既往研究不足进一步从拓宽被试群体、深化神经机制研究及物理干预等方面提出未来研究展望。
Internet gaming disorder(IGD)refers to individuals who are extremely dependent on online games and can't control the game time reasonably.Generally,individuals with IGD also display withdrawal symptoms when they do not play games.Combined with previous studies,this paper discussed the cognitive dysfunction and neural mechanisms of IGD individuals,including executive function,reward system and emotional regulation dysfunction.First of all,executive function is a high-level cognitive processing ability that involves cognitive and behavioral processes.Cognitive control is often associated with the individual's goal-directed behavior and the ability to flexibly apply the high-level cognitive function.Repeated and excessive game behaviors of IGD individuals may be associated with their abnormal cognitive control and decisionmaking functions.And the attention process as another important component of executive function.The persistent addictive behavior in individuals with IGD were associated with a bias toward attention to game-related cues.Also,IGD individuals show differences in executive function abnormalities such as decision-making and dominance response inhibition,suggesting that there is a separation between“cold”and“hot”executive function abnormalities,and this feature may also be associated with other cognitive dysfunctions.Secondly,reward incentives play an important role in individual motivational learning and goal-oriented behavior.The increased sensitivity of IGD individuals to reward stimuli in various types of reward and punishment stimuli suggests that their reward system is abnormal.Finally,emotional regulation is an important cognitive function that is closely related to executive function.The anxiety and depression manifested by IGD individuals are often associated with their inability to apply emotional regulation strategies flexibly.It is difficult for individu als with IGD applied emotional regulation strategies flexibly,and inappropriate emotional regulation strategies and emotional responses suggest abnormal mood regulation.To sum up,cognitive dysfunction was not only the basis of IGD addiction symptoms,but also one of the important factors of its symptom maintenance.In addition,the further research prospects included expanded sampling population,deepening neural mechanism research and physical intervention are proposed for the lack of previous research in the last part of the article.
作者
陈方方
顾晨龙
蔡昌群
Chen Fangfang;Gu Chenlong;Cai Changqun(Psychology Department,the Forth People's Hospital of WuHu,Wuhu 240000,China;Psychology Department,the Second People's Hospital of Huizhou,Huizhou 516001,China)
出处
《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期1052-1056,共5页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
基金
芜湖市科技成果转化项目(2019cg20)
芜湖市科技计划重大项目(2016zdl7)。
关键词
网络游戏障碍
执行功能
奖赏系统
情绪调节
Internet gaming disorder
Executive function
Rewarding system
Emotional regulation
