摘要
随着免疫低下患者的增加 ,真菌感染已经成为一个日益严峻的问题。本文简要综述了 10年来本中心的工作概况 ,包括 (1)致病菌种的收集与保藏 :目前已收集国内外致病真菌 2 6 0 0余株 ,发现并报道国内外致病菌新纪录种多株 ,如多变根毛霉规则变种、葡萄孢维郎那霉致病新纪录种 ,报道多例国内致病新纪录种如棘状外瓶霉、奔马赭霉、疣状瓶霉、草本枝孢霉等引起的暗色丝孢霉病等 ;(2 )流行病学研究 :通过对院内真菌感染菌种及危险因素分析 ,及时监测致病菌种的变迁及危险因素的变化 ;(3)致病种的分类研究及新菌种的鉴定 :应用RAPD、RFLP、序列分析等方法对近 10个属的致病真菌进行了分类、鉴定并命名了 3个曲霉新种 ,并对致病新纪录种的生物学特性进行了研究 ;(4 )真菌病诊断 :设计出曲霉、外瓶霉、孢子丝菌的种特异性引物 ;应用免疫组化、原位杂交等技术对深部真菌病进行了诊断研究 ,设计烟曲霉种特异性探针并成功地对可疑曲霉感染进行了诊断 ;(5 )真菌病发病机制及耐药机制研究 :通过小鼠模型 ,应用简并引物RT PCR技术、克隆测序、Northern杂交等方法 ,发现了烟曲霉潜在的毒力因素———组氨酸激酶 ;应用Southern杂交、RFLP、SSCP等技术分析 。
With the increase of immunocompromised patients, fungal infection h as become an austere problem to the physicians. This article has reviewed the re cent studies in medical mycology field in our research center, which include: (1)Coll ection and preservation of pathogenic fungi. Two thousand and six hundred clinic al isolates have been collected, some new world record pathogenic species have b een discovered and reported, which include Rhizomucor variabilis var. regu laror , Veronaea botryosa , Exophiala spinifera , Ochroconis gallopava , P hialophora verrucosa as well as Cladosporium herbarum have been identified as the new record pat hogenic fungi of phaeohyphomycosis in our country. (2)Epidemiological research: Risk factors for mycosis have been analyzed by monitoring the variances of the p athogenic species. (3)Taxonomy studies for pathogenic fungi and new strain identifi cation: About 10 genuses of pathogenic fungi have been analyzed by using RA PD, RFLP, sequence analysis. Three world new record species of Aspergillus spp. ha ve b een identified. (4)Diagnosis of mycosis: Species-specific primers of Aspergil lus sp., Exophiala sp., Sporothrix sp. were designed and applied to the iden tificati on of these fungi. Diagnostic researches were implemented through histochemistry and in situ hybrization. Specific probes for Aspergillus fumigatus were devised and successfully used to the diagnosis of suspected aspergillosis. (5)Studies o f virulence and resistant mechanism of fungi: Histidine kinase, a potential virul ence gene of Aspergillus sp. was detected with degeneracy RT-PCR, Northern blot and sequence analysis. In the study of resistant mechanisms for Candida sp., del etion of ERG 1 gene was deducted as the key factor in resistance to terbinafi ne. (6)Establishing the in vitro antifungal susceptibility methods for Candida and fi lamentous fungi: The MICs of Candida and filamentous fungi in more than 10 g enuses were detected referring to M-27 series methods recommended by NCCLS. Antifunga l su sceptibility methods were modified as well as established for a number of filame ntous fungi. More reasonable schemes for the treatment of onychomycosis have bee n designed by monitoring the concentrations of antifungal agents in the nail pla te.
出处
《北京大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第5期559-563,共5页
Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金 ( 3 93 70 0 41
3 960 0 0 0 7
3 0 0 70 0 44
3 0 170 0 5 4)
教育部博士点基金 ( 9719)
教育部跨世纪优秀人才计划基金 ( 1998 2 0 0 1)
高等学校骨干教师资助计划
卫生部临床学科重点项目 ( 970 2 0 2 14 )资助
关键词
真菌病
诊断
分类
流行病学
真菌学分型技术
Mycoses/diag
Mycoses/class
Mycoses/epidemiol
My cological typing
