摘要
以4年生‘贝达’砧耐弱光的‘京蜜’与不耐弱光的‘夏黑’为试材,借助石蜡切片法绘制花芽分化进程图,观察其花芽分化进程,同时采取呼吸抑制剂法测定其呼吸代谢变化,研究设施葡萄冬芽花芽分化进程中呼吸代谢的变化规律。结果表明:始原始体出现盛期、花序主轴及各小穗原基形成盛期和花序二级轴发育盛期是设施葡萄冬芽呼吸代谢最旺盛的时期,此期消耗物质和能量最多。三羧酸循环(TCA)途径的高比率运行为设施葡萄花芽孕育提供了较多物质和能量,其中蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环(Protein and fat-TCA)途径运行比率的迅速上升促进了冬芽始原始体向花序主轴及各小穗原基形成的方向发育;随后糖酵解-三羧酸循环(EMP-TCA)途径运行活性的增强为冬芽由花序主轴及各小穗原基进一步向花序二级轴的发育提供了物质与能量保障;蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环途径运行活性的降低是设施‘夏黑’冬芽花芽分化差的重要原因。交替途径(抗氰呼吸)的活化与花序主轴及各小穗原基的形成和花序二级轴的分化及第二花序形成等密切相关。综上所述,三羧酸循环途径和交替途径的活化为设施葡萄的花芽孕育提供了物质和能量保障,其中蛋白质脂肪-三羧酸循环途径运行活性的降低是设施葡萄冬芽花芽分化差的重要原因。
Four-year-old vines of‘Jingmi'(V.vinifera cv.‘Jingmi')and‘Summer Black'(V.vinifera-V.labrusca cv.‘Summer Black')grafted on‘Beta'were used to study the variation pattern of respiratory metabolism during latent buds differentiation under promoting early mature cultivation.Experimental results showed that:the latent buds respiration rate of‘Summer Black'under sunlight greenhouse condition increased rapidly at spikes separation period and maintained at a high level,decreased rapidly after fruit setting,and then rose again at fruit ripening.In contrast,the respiration rate of‘Jingmi'increased significantly from the beginning of flowers,fruit enlargement to fruit maturity.This shows that,from the beginning of the anlagen appearance,inflorescence axis growth,spikelet primordia and secondary bud shaft development period,the respiratory metabolism of latent bud was very strong in greenhouse with the most material and energy consumption.After grape 7-8 leaves unfolded,the rate of tricarboxvlic acid cvcle(TCA)increased(up to 60%)and maintained at a high level.From the flower spikes to fruit harvest for‘Jingmi',the rate of Protein and fht-TCA at latent buds play an important role;while from fruit enlargement to fruit harvest,the embden meyerhof pathway(EMP)-TCA ratio was significantly dominant.In contrast,buds of‘Summer Black'at spikes separation with a high active of Protein and fat-TCA pathway,but then decreased rapidly and maintained at a lower level about 20%.This shows that,higher ratio of TCA pathways served a greater amount of material and energy for bud differentiation.Increased ratio of protein and fat-TCA pathway promoted the emergence of the latent bud primordium and the development of the inflores-cence main axis and each spikelet primordium.And the efficient EMP-TCA pathway was benefit for the flower bud devel-opment of grape,which can provide material and energy for each spike inflorescence primordium further to the development of the second-level inflorescence axis.The important reason of poor latent bud differentiation of‘Summer black'in green-house was due to the decease of protein and fat-TCA activity.For‘Jingmi',the alternative pathway(ALT)of latent bud at fruit setting increased rapidly up to 100%.While for‘Summer black',the rate of ALT increased only from 31.5%to 43.2%.At late fruit enlargement period,the ratio of ALT of the two varieties increased again by a wide margin.This shows that,the alternative electronic pathway(cyanide-resistant respiration)activation was closely related to the in-florescence main axis,the formation of spikelet primordium inflorescence,branching primordium formation and the second inflorescence formation.In conclusion,the activation of TCA pathways and alternative electronic pathways provided the material and energy for grapes flower bud differentiation in greenhouse.The main reason of poor flower bud differentiation of‘Summer black'in greenhouse was due to the decrease of protein and fat-TCA activity.
作者
王海波
王孝娣
赵君全
史祥宾
冀晓昊
王志强
王宝亮
郑晓翠
刘凤之
WANG Haibo;WANG Xiaodi;ZHAO Junquan;SHI Xiangbin;JI Xiaohao;WANG Zhiqiang;WANG Baoliang;ZHENG Xiaocui;LIU Fengzhi(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Seiences,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm ResourcesUtilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Xingcheng,Liaoning 125100)
出处
《中国果树》
2017年第4期5-10,J0002,J0003,共8页
China Fruits
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程
国家现代农业(葡萄)产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-30-zp)
农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G28)
关键词
葡萄
花芽分化
冬芽
呼吸代谢
设施促早栽培
grape
flower bud differentiation
winter bud
respiratory metabolism
protected cultivation to promote early maturing
