摘要
作为最后的安全网,中国城市居民最低生活保障制度在保障城市贫困群体基本生活、缓解由经济社会转型带来的社会分化,维护社会公平,创建和谐社会等方面起到了重要的作用。然而,由于其应急被动性、缺乏开发性和可持续性,城市低保制度需要进一步完善。美国福利制度改革中将享受福利与参加社区工作相结合、出台鼓励福利人群进行工作自救的配套政策、注重提高福利人群人力资本等理念值得借鉴。针对中国城市低保制度存在的缺陷,通过比较借鉴美国福利制度改革的思想与理念,提出了完善中国城市低保制度的建议。
As the final network of safety, China＇s Urban Minimum Living Standard Security System （UMLSSS） is playing an important role to handle urban poverty. However, due to MLSSS＇s many demerits, there is great room to improve it. Since America adopted Aid to Families with Dependent Children （AFDC） as its core welfare program, AFDC had been working for more than 60 years. This study found out that both UMLSSS and AFDC share a common demerit. The demerit could be best explained that except for financial aid, the urban poor get nothing else from the two systems to improve their ability of finding a job to get out of poverty. Furthermore, there are no motivating factors to urge the urban poor to be independent. AFDC had brought serious economic and social problems which resulted in reforms to take place since 1980s. Although China and America have different backgrounds, the ideas of improvement could be the same. Based on China g particular conditions, this paper makes references to such ideas as combining aid with work requirement, is- suing policies to encourage the urban poor to find jobs and offering job opportunities for the urban poor in pri- vate sectors from American welfare reform to perfect UMLSSS.
出处
《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2013年第1期45-50,共6页
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)
