摘要
作为一种自主算法决策,人工智能技术已经渗透到公共决策过程的各个环节,使公共决策模式产生重大变革。本文基于公共政策循环理论的视角,提出了一个人工智能算法对公共政策的问题界定与议程设置、政策制定、政策执行和政策评估四个阶段的影响与应用的分析框架,指出人工智能算法通过其大数据处理能力和预测分析能力,对提高公共决策的科学性、精准性和有效性发挥了巨大的作用。与此同时,人工智能算法存在的算法偏见、预测偏差和算法"黑箱"等问题可能引发公共决策失灵和合法性危机。最后,本文还提出,为了合理利用人工智能技术提高公共决策的有效性,规避算法决策的风险,决策者应关注人工智能算法决策与人类常规性决策的应用范围、适用性以及两者之间的互补协调关系,同时在算法驱动的公共决策各个环节中加强公共参与,建立参与式算法决策框架。
Artificial intelligence as an autonomous algorithm for decision-making has been gaining momentum in all aspects of public decision-making,and has produced a major change in public decision-making models.However,the inherent defects and misuse of algorithmic decision-making in specific environments may also bring about many potential risks.Based on the theory of public policy cycles,this paper proposes an analytical framework for the application of AI algorithmic decision-making and its impact on the four stages of public policymaking,i.e.,problem definition and agenda setting,policy making,policy implementation,and policy evaluation.This paper points out that AI algorithmic decision-making has played a huge role in improving the scientificity,precision and effectiveness of public decision-making by virtue of AI’s big data and predictive capabilities.At the same time,problems such as algorithmic bias,prediction bias and algorithmic black box in AI algorithmic decision-making may lead to failures in public decision-making and policy legitimacy crisis,posing a potential threat to principal public values such as reliability,fairness and transparency.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the impact and risk of AI algorithmic decision-making,highlight the suitability of algorithmic decision and propose implications for governance strategies.
作者
吴进进
符阳
Wu Jinjin;Fu Yang(Department of public Management,Shenzhen University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期194-206,10,共14页
Open Times
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“我国地方财政结余对财政支出周期性影响及其机制研究”(项目编号:71904130)
深圳市教育科学规划2020年度课题重点资助项目“先行示范区战略下深圳市高等教育产研融合效率评价与机制优化研究”(项目编号:zdzz20003)资助
关键词
人工智能
算法决策
公共决策
风险与挑战
artificial intelligence
algorithmic decision-making
public decision-making
risk and challenge
