摘要
研究了小菜蛾的发育速率在恒温和自然变温下的变化规律。恒温下小菜蛾在 8～ 32℃内能完成整个幼期的发育 ,在 30～ 32℃下发育最快。幼虫能完成发育的温度范围宽于卵和蛹。在模拟恒温下发育速率和温度关系时 ,王 -兰 -丁模型效果较好 ,而 Logistic模型能较好地模拟适温区和低温区的发育速率 ,直线模型只能用于适温区内发育速率的模拟。恒温下的存活率和温度符合二次曲线关系。不同恒温下发育历期的分布符合“同形性质”。变温下 ,小菜蛾能够发育的温度范围比恒温下的广。在适温区 ,Logistic模型、直线模型和王 -兰 -丁模型均能较好地模拟变温下小菜蛾的羽化进度 ,但在低温区 ,Logistic模型和王 -兰 -丁模型模拟的效果优于直线模型。
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellid ae) is a major pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. In the past, many studies ha ve been conducted to provide valuable information on the temperature-dependant d evelopment of P. xylostella. However, scrutiny of the relevant literature in dica ted that more detailed knowledge of development and survival of P. xylostella in relation to temperature seemed desirable, especially at low and high temperatur es. Such detailed information will be useful particularly for monitoring and population studies of P. xylostella in temperate and cool temperate regions, where this insec t has be come a more important pest in recent years. The purpose of this study was to exa mine the development rate and survival of P. xylostella at controlled temper atur es over a wide temperature range, and to derive mathematic functions that can be tested for simulating the development of P. xylostella populations at natur al temperature conditions. Survival and development time from egg to adult emergence of P. xylostella w ere determined at 19 constant temperatures from 4～40℃, and were also measured at f o ur natural temperature regimes including temperatures from -1.8 to 31.4℃. P lutella xylostella could complete its development from egg to adult emergence within the range from 8 to 32℃. The survival rates of the entire immature stage at co nstant temperatures were above 60% between 12～28℃, but decreased rapidly both a bove and below this temperature range, dropping to zero at 6 and 34℃. The tempe rature range for complete development varied between stages and also between lar val instars, with larvae having the widest tolerance range, followed by pupae an d eggs. When test insects were reared at a favorable temperature to a given stag e and then moved to a low or high temperature to observe the development and sur vival of individual stages or instars at these unfavorable conditions, the low a nd upper temperature limits for complete development were <4 and 40℃ for third and fourth instars, <4 and 38℃ for second instar, <4 and 36℃ for first instar, 8 and 36℃ for pupa, and 8 and 34℃ for egg, respectively. The relationship bet ween the survival rate of the pre-imaginal stage and temperature was described well by a quadratic equation. The mean duration of development from egg to adult emergence decreased with an i ncrease of temperature, varying from 119.0 days at 8℃ to 11.2 days at 32℃, w it h the shortest development times at 30℃ and 32℃. Three mathematical models, i. e., the linear (degree-day) model, the Logistic equation and the Wang-Lan-Din g m odel, were used to describe the relationships between development rate and tempe rature at constant conditions. A BASIC program, based on the Marquardt technique s, was used to fit the models to various data sets. The results showed that the Wang-Lan-Ding model offered the best description; the Logistic equation gave g oo d description at mid and low temperatures, while the linear model gave good desc ription only at mid temperatures. In order to simulate population development at natural temperatures, the inheren t variability of development rate between individuals must be considered. The di stributions of development times of P. xylostella at constant temperatures w ere found to follow the “same shape property” and were simulated well by a Weibull function. The linear, the Logistic and the Wang-Lan-Ding models were then each coupled w it h the Weibull function to simulate the process of adult emergence of each cohort at a given natural temperature regimes. Temperature data were used as inputs to each of the rate models to calculate the amount of development at each time int erval, which was then accumulated by the method of rate summation to estimate th e proportion of mean development at a given point of time. The proportion of mea n development was then used as input to the Weibull function to estimate the pro portion of adult emergence. To compare the differences between observed and s
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第4期688-694,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 39930 1 2 0 )~~
