摘要
本文关于如何评价变温对昆虫发育速率影响的讨论表明,在比较两点(T_1,T_2)变温与恒温下的发育速率时,相应恒温下的发育速率为R_(con)(T_1,T_2)=(R_(con)(T_1)+R_(con)(T_2))/2,而不是T_1、T_2平均值所对应的发育速率R_(con)(T_1,T_2)=R_(con)(T_1+T_2/2)。 在探讨发育速率与温度关系时,认为,(1)发育速率实际上是代谢速率的表现,从本质上说是由昆虫体内无数生化反应所决定的。每步生化反应所需酶不同。(2)不同酶,其活力与温度的关系不同。即使同种昆虫,体内不同种类酶的最大活力温度不同。因此,在不同温度下,代谢链中起限速作用的酶不同。发育速率与温度的关系实质上是代谢链中所有酶与温度关系的综合表现。
The study on the relationship between the development rate of insect and temperature is reviewed in this paper. This paper, suggests that the models based on chemical and enzymological kinetics can reveal the essence of the relationship between the development rate and temperature.The discussions about how commenting on ihe effects of alternating temperature on development rate indicate:when comparing the development rate at alternating temperature with that at constant temperature, the development rate at constant temperature should be expressed as Rcon(T1,T2) = CRcon(T1 )/2 + Rccon(T2)]/2 instead of Rcon(T1,T2)=:Rcon((T1+T2)/2). When approaching the relationship between insect development rate and temperature, this paper suggests:(1) Development rate is in fact the manifestation of the metabolic rate. In essence, it is determined by all biochemical reactions in insect body. Each reaction needs different enzymes.(2) Different kinds of enzymes have different optimum temperatures, even if for the same insect. So, at different temperatures the enzyme which limits the de- velopment fate is different. Development rate is in fact the comprehensive manifestation of the relationship between the all enzymes and temperature.For metabolism chain X,if temperature is constant, because enzyme Ed is rate limited enzyme at T1, the development rate Rcon(T1) =Re(T1) =Rf (T1), here, Re(T1) and Rf(T1) are the producing rate of middle products E and F; while enzyme Ee is rate limited enzyme at t2, the development rate Rcon(T2) =RF(T2)≤Rt(r2). If the temperature alternates between T1 and T2 in same interval, insect at one temperature can accelerate development by utilizing ihe raumulated middle products at the other temperrture. That is, (1) when temperature is T2, the development rateRvar(T2) = 1/2Rf(T2)≤1/2R.e(T), but the middle product E is partly accumula-ted; (2) when temperature changes to T1, because enzyme Ee can accelerate development by converting the accumulated product E at T2 to F, the development rate Rvar(Ti)= 1/2Re(T1)= 1/2R(T2)-1/2Rf(T2). Thus, during thewhole time (t), the development rate Rvar(T1,T2) = 1/2Re(T1) + 1/2R,(T2),while the development rate at corresponding onstant temperature is Rcon(T1,T2) Because Rf(T2)≤Re(T2), we can conclude Rvar(T1,
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第2期106-114,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
关键词
变温
昆虫
发育
酶
alternating temperature, insect, development, enzymes.
