摘要
[目的]本研究通过不同低温时长和低温所处发育阶段对小菜蛾Plutella xlostella生存和繁殖能力的影响,为冬季蔬菜大棚中小菜蛾的发生及防治提供理论参考。[方法]在相对湿度为55%±10%,12L:12D的光周期条件下,观察小菜蛾4龄幼虫、蛹和成虫分别经低温(8℃)处理24、48和96 h后幼虫的化蛹率、成虫的羽化率、成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期及产卵量等指标,以温度为(26±1)℃的处理为对照组。[结果]8℃处理不同时长对小菜蛾幼虫化蛹率的影响差异不显著(χ^(2)=1.58,P=0.664),但低温所处的不同发育阶段(χ^(2)=202.52,P<0.001)和低温处理时长(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001)显著影响成虫的羽化率;4龄幼虫低温处理后的羽化率均高于蛹期低温处理的(4龄幼虫低温:87.40%;蛹期低温:66.97%)。成虫寿命受低温处理时长(χ^(2)=39.3,P<0.001)和低温所处发育阶段(χ^(2)=43.0,P<0.001)影响。一定范围内4龄幼虫低温处理时长对雌雄成虫寿命无显著影响(雌虫:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;雄虫:χ^(2)=4.55,df=3,P=0.210),而蛹期(雌虫:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P<0.001;雄虫:χ^(2)=14.30,df=3,P<0.001)和成虫期雄虫寿命(χ^(2)=19.32,df=3,P<0.001)随低温处理时长的延长而逐渐延长;雄成虫寿命普遍长于雌成虫寿命(未成熟阶段低温:χ^(2)=-3.88,P<0.001;成熟阶段低温:χ^(2)=-5.72,P<0.001);产卵前期随低温处理时长的延长而延长(未成熟期处理:χ^(2)=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;成熟期处理:χ^(2)=60.04,df=2,P<0.001)。单雌产卵量除蛹期8℃处理96h(40.9粒/雌)外,其余处理与对照组(87.3粒/雌)相比无显著性降低。[结论]不同低温处理时长对蛹的生存和繁殖的影响比对4龄幼虫的影响更为明显,且随低温处理时长的延长,对小菜蛾的生存和繁殖的抑制程度加深。
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of exposing different developmental stages of Plutella xylostella to different durations of low temperature on the survival and reproductive capacity of this species,thereby providing a reference for predicting and preventing the occurrence of this pest in greenhouses in winter.[Methods]The pupation rate,eclosion rate,adult lifespan,adult pre-oviposition period,oviposition period,and fecundity per female of P.xylostella were recorded under laboratory conditions of 55%±10% relative humidity anda 12L:12D light cycle.Fourth instar larvae,pupae and adults were exposed to 8℃ for 24,48 and 96 h.A control group was kept at(26±1)℃.[Results]Irrespective of the duration,cold exposure did not significantly change the pupation rate of P.xylostella(χ^(2)=1.58,P=0.664).However,development stage(χ^(2)=202.52,P<0.001)and the duration of cold treatment(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001)significantly affected the emergence rate.The effect of cold exposure on the emergence rate was higher for 4th instar larvae than for pupae(4th larval instar:0.8740;pupal stage:0.6697).Adult lifespan was afected by both the duration of cold exposure(χ^(2)=39.3,P<0.001)and developmental stage(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001).Within a certain range,the duration 4th instar larvae were exposed to cold had no signifcant efect on the life span of male and female adults(females:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;males:χ^(2)=4.55,df=3,P=0.210),whereas the effect of cold exposure on the life span of both sexes was increased by the duration of cold exposure during the pupal stage(females:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P<0.001;males:χ^(2)=14.30,df=3,P<0.001).The longevity of adult males was also increased by increasing the duration of cold exposure(χ^(2)=19.32,df=3,P<0.001).Male adults generally lived longer than female adults(immature stage:χ^(2)=-3.88,P<0.001;adult stage:χ^(2)=5.72,P<0.001).The adult pre-oviposition period was prolonged by increasing the duration of cold exposure(immature stage:χ^(2)=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;adult stage:χ^(2)=60.04,df=2,P<0.001).With the exception of pupae exposed to cold for 96 h(40.9 eggs/female),the average female fecundity in other treatment groups did not significantly decrease compared to the control group(87.3 egg/female).[Conclusion]Exposing the pupae of P.xylostella to 8℃ had a greater impact on subsequent survival and oviposition than exposing fourth larval instar.The reduction in survival and reproduction increased with the duration of exposure to low temperature.
作者
崔瑞媛
马珈淇
金波
徐昊天
李婷
胡珺华
贾丽
闫夏
李伯辽
徐世才
CUI Rui-Yuan;MA Jia-Qi;JIN Bo;XU Hao-Tian;LI Ting;HU Jun-Hua;JIA Li;YAN Xia;LI Bo-Liao;XU Shi-Cai(College of Life Science,Yan'an University/Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources,Yan'an 716000,China)
出处
《应用昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期627-637,共11页
Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology
基金
延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2019-47)
延安市高层次人才专项(延财办2019-24)
国家自然基金项目(31860506)
延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCX2020075)
2021年延安大学创新创业训练计划项目(D2020091)。
关键词
蔬菜害虫
短期低温
发育阶段
生存曲线
生殖参数
vegetable pest
short-term cold stress
developmental stage
survival curves
reproductive parameters
