摘要
该文基于生态学的方法 ,按照湿地生态系统的组成结构及其功能 ,确定了湿地生态环境需水量的 5个等级 ,即最大、最优、优等、中等和最小需水量。在此基础上 ,对湿地生态环境需水量各类型级别的划分方法进行了分析 ,特别是对湿地植物需水量、湿地土壤需水量、野生生物栖息地需水量、补水需水量、防止岸线侵蚀需水量、净化污染物需水量等进行了重点探讨 ,提出了相关的指标标准和相应级别。同时在相应计算公式的基础上 ,列出了各类型级别的需水量。以黄淮海地区作为案例 ,计算了该区湿地生态环境需水量 ,强调了保证和维持最小生态环境需水量的重要性。同时以相关规划为依据 ,对该区未来湿地生态环境需水量进行了预测。结果展示 ,包括典型湿地和湿地自然保护区在内 ,最小生态环境需水量平均为14 6 8× 10 8m3 ,最优需水量平均为 3 10× 10 8m3 。预测 2 0 10年、2 0 3 0年和 2 0 5 0年湿地生态环境需水量分别为115 4× 10 8m3 ～ 15 3 6× 10 8m3 ,15 5 8× 10 8m3 ～ 2 0 5 6× 10 8m3 和 2 0 6 8× 10 8m3 ～ 2 69 7× 10 8m3 。
Wetlands play an important role in regional sustainable development, with reference to the functions they perform in the hydrological and chemical cycles and to the extensive food webs and rich biodiversity they support. In the past few years, the area of wetlands has greatly decreased due to industrial development and irrational use. Especially in the arid,half arid and half humid areas,many wetlands have tended to degradation because of water shortage. Therefore, the study on eco environmental water requirement of wetlands is very important and imperative for wetland restoration. Based on the ecological and environmental functions that wetlands perform, in the paper we first present the relative formula used for estimating and assessing water requirement, and then analyze the classification methods of all kinds of water requirement in eco environmental aspect on wetlands, including water requirement from wetland vegetation, soil, habitats, recharge, avoiding of erosion on shore, purifying wastewater. With the Huang Huai Hai Area as a case, the grades of eco environmental water requirement of wetland are evaluated. Furthermore, the eco environmental water requirement of wetlands aimed at three goal years by 2010, 2030 and 2050 is forecasted.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期21-28,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"黄河流域水资源可再生性理论与评价"(编号 :1 9990 4 360 5)
国家自然科学基金项目"黄淮海地区湿地生态系统健康诊断及其安全阈值研究"(编号 :40 1 0 1 0 2 6)共同资助
关键词
湿地
生态环境需水量
等级划分
黄淮海地区
Wetlands
Eco environmental water requirement
Classification
Huang Huai Hai Area
