摘要
以新疆为例 ,在干旱区生态用水的概念与分类基础上 ,依据部分试验资料及理论公式推导结果 ,确定了各类生态用水的用水定额 ,并以林业、草场资源等统计数据为依据 ,对新疆 1 995年的生态用水进行了初步估算。结果表明 ,全疆生态用水总量达 2 3 7.9× 1 0 8m3。其地区分布情况是北疆占 1 7.8%,东疆占 5.4 %,南疆占 76.8%。就其类型而言 ,天然植被生态用水量最大 。
Oasis is the major area of human activity in the arid land.Its only occupied 4%～5% of arid territory,but the population over 90% and social healthy over 95% are concentrated in it.In the process of oasis formation and evolution,water resource is the essence.Since 1949,the oasis exploitation have gained many achievements in China,but its environment problems originated rapidly from that and more attention has been paid to the economic benefit of oasis water resource rather than the eco environmental benefit of it.So the main environmental issues of the water resource utilization are the guarantee of water supply for eco environment.The paper discussed the conception of water demand by the eco environment.It can be defined that water consumed by the environment system which can support the oasis's exist and development, as well as maintain and improve the oasis environment quality.Because the oasis sustainability depend on it inside and outside environment system,the water demand by eco environment in Xinjiang can be classified into 7 kinds,which are artificial oasis,Tugayi,river valley forest,river and lake,meadow on the flat land,city and desert vegetation.Based on this,we determined the quota of different kinds according to the results of experience and theoretical information.The result showed that the water consumed by the eco environment reached 237.9×10 8m 3 in Xinjiang in 1995,in which the Tarim Basin occupied 76.8%,Turpan and Hami Basin 5.4%,and Jaguar Basin,the west Mountain,Altai 17.8%.In different kinds,natural system which include all natural oasis and lake occupied 87.54% and artificial system 12.46%.In natural system,natural vegetation consumed 75.38% of water resource,in which the meadow on flat land occupied 63.43%.In Xinjiang,the total water resource quantity is 865×10 8m 3.Under this condition,the contradiction of water resource utilization between agriculture and eco environment will aggravated further.Consider the significance of water consumed by the eco environment to oasis development in the future,it is suggested that we should guarantee the eco environment water demand first,because this is a prerequisite condition to maintain the oasis sustainable development.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第2期243-250,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金!重大项目 ( 3 9990 4 90 )
中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重大项目! ( KZ951 -B1 -2 1 3 )
国家"九五"攻关项目
关键词
生态用水
分类
用水定额
总量估算
新疆
water demand by the eco environment
primary calculation
arid land
Xinjiang
