摘要
温度是鱼类养殖过程的重要环境因素,而消化道菌群在宿主适应环境过程中发挥重要的生理作用。为探究高温期池塘养殖花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼消化道菌群结构特征,本研究开展为期42 d的养殖实验,分别采集实验开始和结束时幼鱼消化道、池塘水体和饲料样品,通过16S rRNA高通量测序方法解析菌群的组成信息与分布特征。结果显示,气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、水栖菌属(Enhydrobacter)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifido bacterium)等为高温期幼鱼消化道主要菌群,且池塘养殖水体对消化道菌群结构影响较大。实验结束时,鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)替代不动杆菌属成为相对丰度最高的菌属,且与假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、水栖菌属间存在拮抗作用。气单胞菌属和双歧杆菌属间存在协同作用。消化道菌群基因富集在嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、肽聚糖生物合成和核糖体通路的相对丰度显著升高,说明菌群通过增强自身的生长与繁殖性能响应结构的动态变化来应答长期高温环境的驯化。
Temperature is a critical environmental factor in fish farming,and the gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important physiological role in host's environmental adaptation.To investigate the structural characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbiota in pond-cultured spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)juvenile during the high-temperature period,we conducted a 42-day aquaculture experiment.We analyzed the composition and distribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota using the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing method.Results reveal that Aeromonas,Pseudomonas,Enhydrobacter,Acinetobacter,Escherichia-Shigella,Lactobacillus,and Bifidobacterium were the core microbiota in the juvenile gastrointestinal tract after hightemperature acclimation.The microbiota in pond water significantly influenced the structure of the gastrointestinal microbiota.At the end of the experiment,Cetobacterium replaced Acinetobacter as the genus with the highest relative abundance and exhibited antagonistic interactions with Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,and Enhydrobacter.Additionally,we observed a synergistic relationship between Aeromonas and Bifidobacterium.For the gene enrichment analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota,we found that the relative abundances of genes involved in pathways such as purine metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,peptidoglycan biosynthesis,and ribosome pathways increased significantly.This indicates that the microbiota responds to structural dynamics by enhancing their growth and reproductive performance,thereby helping the host adapt to long-term high-temperature environmental acclimation.
作者
姜燕
杨洪军
黄亚朝
崔爱君
张岐鑫
徐永江
黄经献
JIANG Yan;Yang Hongjun;Huang Yachao;Cui Aijun;Zhang Qixin;Xu Yongjiang;Huang Jingxian(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266071,China;Rizhao Chuguang Industrial Group Co.,Ltd.,Rizhao 276800,China;Xiaying Enhancement and Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Weifang 2661312,China)
出处
《南方水产科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期189-198,共10页
South China Fisheries Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401704)
潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2023ZJ1056)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2023TZXD050)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD51,2024XT0701)
国家海水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-47)。
关键词
花鲈
池塘
高温期
菌群结构
高通量测序
Lateolabrax maculatus
Pond
High-temperature period
Microbiota structure
High-throughput sequencing
