摘要
光照是影响鱼类生长发育的关键环境因子之一。本研究设置了蓝、绿、黄、自然光4种光色组,在相同光强和光周期条件下养殖花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)45 d,探究不同光色对花鲈生长、摄食、分布及生理代谢的影响。结果显示,蓝光组花鲈幼鱼的体质量增长率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)[(45.70±2.20)%、(0.90±0.08)(%/d)]显著高于黄光组和对照组(P<0.05),其肝脏胰岛素生长因子(igf-1和igf-2)和生长激素受体1(ghr-1)基因相对表达水平与自然光组相比有所升高。花鲈幼鱼对不同光色的趋光性分布不同,对蓝光表现出正趋光性,而对黄光表现出负趋光性。代谢组学分析表明,蓝光组花鲈主要通过L-异亮氨酸和溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(LPE,18:2/0:0)等代谢物显著上调影响氨基酸代谢和甘油磷脂代谢等9条通路(P<0.05),进而影响氨基酸和磷脂类物质的合成;绿光组主要通过富马酸、L-酪氨酸等代谢物显著下调影响花鲈苯丙氨酸代谢和氧化磷酸化等5条通路(P<0.05),进而影响鱼体蛋白质合成和激素分泌。本研究表明,蓝光条件可以有效促进花鲈幼鱼的生长,降低饲料系数,加快氨基酸和磷脂类合成进程,研究结果为花鲈养殖过程光色选择及养殖策略的制定提供了理论依据。
Lateolabrax maculatus belongs to the order Perciformes and is distributed in the coastal waters and estuaries of China,Japan,and the Korean Peninsula.Its muscle protein contains many high-quality amino acids necessary for the human body,which have extremely high edible value.Lateolabrax maculatus has the advantages rapid growth under wide temperature and salt ranges and is suitable for various culture modes,such as cages,ponds,and factories.It is an economically important marine fish occurring in China.Light is a key environmental factor that affects the behavior and physiological and biochemical indices of fish,and optimizing the growth environment of fish by controlling different light color conditions can markedly improve aquaculture efficiency.However,it is not completely clear what kind of light color L.maculatus adapts to,and the influence of different light colors on its growth,feeding,distribution,and metabolism.To explore these effects,blue,green,yellow,and indoor natural lights were used to clarify the relationship between light color and L.maculatus growth,determining the optimal light color for its culture,and providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of artificial culture technology and environmental regulation.Four light color groups—blue,green,yellow,and natural light—were used.Two circular light strips were fixed around the bottom of each experimental pool to provide light sources.The distance between the light strips was 15 cm,and the light intensity was measured 5 cm above the water center.The light intensity was~300 lx,and the light period was 12 h light:12 h dark.During the experiment,the compound feed was given twice daily at 08:00 and 18:00,and the single feeding amount was 1.5%–2%of the total weight of the sea bass in the pond.After feeding for 1 h,residual bait and feces were removed.Video monitoring equipment(Hikvision camera,Smart265)was placed above the experimental pool,and the time from the first experimental fish to the end of feeding was recorded.Feeding time was measured every five days.The distribution of L.maculatus in the experimental pond was recorded 30 min before and after feeding.The number of nodes per minute was recorded,and 60 images were captured for each process.All images of L.maculatus were manually marked according to the division area—black dots represented the location—and compared with the video to ensure the location accuracy.The fish were cultured for 45 days.The results showed that the weight growth and specific growth rates of juvenile L.maculatus under blue light were(45.70±2.20)and(0.90±0.08)(%/d),respectively and were significantly higher than those under yellow and natural lights.The feed coefficient of L.maculatus under blue light was the lowest.The relative expression levels of insulin growth factor(igf-1 and igf-2)and growth hormone receptor 1(ghr-1)genes in the liver of L.maculatus under blue light were higher than those under natural light.The phototaxis distribution of the fish differed for different light colors,with positive and negative phototaxis for blue yellow light,respectively.Metabolomic analysis showed that the fish under blue light were significantly upregulated by metabolites such as L-isoleucine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine(LPE,18:2/0:0).This affected nine pathways—including amino acid and glycerol phospholipid metabolism—thereby affecting amino acid and phospholipid synthesis.Under green light,fumaric acid,Ltyrosine,and other metabolites were significantly downregulated.This affected five pathways—including phenylalanine metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation—and protein synthesis and hormone secretion in sea bass.No significant enrichment was observed under yellow light.In conclusion,the relative expression levels of igf-1,igf-2 and ghr-1 in L.maculatus could be improved by blue light illumination,and L-isoleucine and LPE(18:2/0:0)contents could be significantly increased under blue light.This affects amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism,and other metabolic pathways,thus increasing the speed of substance synthesis in L.maculatus and significantly improving its growth.Combined with the fact that the distribution behavior of L.maculatus in culture ponds tends toward blue light,this shows that L.maculatus is suitable for culturing under blue light.These results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of light color and the formulation of a culture strategy for L.maculatus.
作者
刘航
陈萍
马斌
刘滨
姜燕
李吉涛
赖晓芳
LIU Hang;CHEN Ping;MA Bin;LIU Bin;JIANG Yan;LI Jitao;LAI Xiaofang(Jiangsu Ocean University,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Lianyungang 222005,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266071,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第4期129-139,共11页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
青岛海洋科技中心山东省专项经费(2022QNLM030001-2)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD50)共同资助。
关键词
花鲈
光色
生长
行为
代谢组
Lateolabrax maculatus
Light color
Growth
Behavior
Metabolome
