摘要
人工智能技术的快速迭代,正在重构全球的创新形态和治理格局。人工智能领域的竞争已经成为中美两国战略博弈的核心。通过对比该领域的研发现状、投资规模和产业特色、人才建设、算力基础设施、数据资源等方面的发展现状,可以发现中美两国各有优势。在“大国竞争”思想的指导下,美国采取了一系列措施打压中国的人工智能技术进步。这些措施包括管制技术出口、限制双向投资、争夺海外市场、加强人工智能基础设施建设、在国际治理中对抗中国的影响力等。中美人工智能竞争的背后,是权力的博弈,涉及技术、安全和治理等多个维度。美国的相关举措将对中国、美国、全球科技体系和全球治理产生影响。美国的遏制措施短期内会给中国的技术创新和经济发展造成掣肘,但从长期看,会激发中国自主创新的能力。美国的政策会导致全球科技创新碎片化,令全球治理举步维艰。为了化解美国打压带来的影响,中国可以在加强算力基础设施建设、推动人工智能技术全栈出口、深化与全球南方国家的合作等方面采取行动。
The rapid iteration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology is reshaping the global landscape of innovation and governance.Competition in the AI field has become a central aspect of the strategic dynamics between China and the United States.A comparison of the current state of scientific research,investment scale,industrial characteristics,talent development,computing infrastructure,and data resources shows that both China and the United States have their respective strengths.Guided by the concept of"great power competition,"the United States has taken a series of measures that constrain the advancement of AI technology in China.These measures include imposing technology export controls,restricting bilateral investment,competing for overseas markets,strengthening its own computing infrastructure,and countering China's influence in international governance.The Sino-U.S.competition in AI involves a contest of power spanning multiple dimensions such as technology,security,and governance.The U.S.measures are poised to significantly impact China,the United States itself,the global science and technology system,and global governance.In the short term,these containment measures will create obstacles for China's technological innovation and economic development;however,in the long term,they are likely to stimulate China's capacity for independent innovation.U.S.policies may lead to a fragmentation of global technological innovation and impede global governance.To mitigate the impact of U.S.constraints,China can take actions in areas including strengthening the construction of computing infrastructure,supporting the global expansion of its AI companies,and deepening cooperation with countries of the Global South.
作者
李恒阳
唐桂杰
Li Hengyang;Tang Guijie
出处
《美国研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期108-133,M0005,共27页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies
基金
中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“美国对华网络空间战略调整与中国应对策略研究”(项目编号:ZKJC242410)的阶段性研究成果。
