摘要
自从Sutton等指出减数分裂时染色体的行为与孟德尔遗传因子的分裂非常相似以后,人们都很重视减数分裂时染色体的行为,却很少注意测定减数分裂及其各阶段持续的时期。了解减数分裂持续时期不仅可以进一步揭示配子形成过程和染色体配对、重组的情况,而且在生产上有重要的意义。在国外,用各种方法已测试过30多种植物和10多种动物减数分裂持续的时期。在我国,对水稻减数分裂持续时期及其形态指标的看法颇不一致。我们从1976年起,对水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂时期的一些基本问题进行了研究,现报道如下。
The duration of meiosis and its stages has been determined in rice“Science 2”(O.sativa L.subsp.Shien.2n=24)and“East red”(O.sativa L.subsp.Keng.2n=24)under field condition.In general,the duration of meiosis on all spikes takes about 6 to 7 days.Two morphological marks in the duration of meiosis of rice were more accurately describcd:1.The active timing of meiosis on a spike was located in the auricle distance from-4 mm to O,taking about one and a half day,2.The duration of meiosis of“East red”is Located in the length of a flower glume from 2.8 mm to 4.6 mm,for“Science 2”it is from 3.7 mm to 5.6 mm.Although the lengthsof flower glume in the duration of meiosis present difference between them,the lengths of flower glume reached 40 to 65 percent of total all were located in the duration of meiosis.It takes about 34 hours to determine the duration of meiosis in rice"Science 2"both by a sampling method and by use of correlations between the length of flower glume and the growth of the auricle distance.Of them,prophase I takes about 25.8 hours and gets 75.9 percent of total;the synizesis stage is the longest and takes about 14.5 hours.No significant differences exist between"East red"and"Science 2",so far as the duration of meiosis and its stages in pollen mother cells are concerned.High frequency of asynchrony is an important characteristic in the meiosis of rice.After metaphase I there is still higher asynohrony.The frequency of asynchrony in anaphaseⅡof"Science 2"reached in 63.46 percent.Therefore,the duration of meiosis and its stakes of rice have to contain an approximate time.
作者
刘天伦
Liu Tian-lun(Group of Genetics,Department of Biology,Szechuan University)
出处
《中国农业科学》
1981年第1期38-42,共5页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
