摘要
发达工业社会以技术合理性为核心的总体性控制,消解了传统反抗力量的批判性向度,使人类陷入“单向度”的生存困境。马尔库塞以高层文化为批判武器,通过剖析其在本能结构层面的自律属性与历史唯物主义框架下的他律功能,构建了以审美革命为路径的文化乌托邦理论。这一理论并非虚幻的空想,而是对人类解放道路的创新性探索。从“批判理论的发展”与“文化实践的可能性”双重维度审视,马尔库塞的文化乌托邦理论既回应了发达工业社会的现实困境,也为当代文化批判与人性解放提供了重要思想资源。同时,该理论对“文化自律与他律的辩证关系”、“审美革命的实践路径”等问题的探讨,也暴露了其内在局限,而这种局限恰恰为深化批判理论研究提供了新的切入点。
The totalitarian control centered on technological rationality in advanced industrial societies has neutralized the critical dimension of traditional resistance forces,trapping humanity in the predicament of“one-dimensional”existence.Taking high culture as a critical weapon,Marcuse constructed a theory of cultural utopia with aesthetic revolution as the path by analyzing its autonomous attributes at the level of instinctual structure and its heteronomous functions within the framework of historical materialism.This theory is not an illusory fantasy but an innovative exploration of the path to human emancipation.Examined from the dual dimensions of“the development of critical theory”and“the possibility of cultural practice”,Marcuse’s theory of cultural utopia not only responds to the realistic predicaments of advanced industrial societies but also provides important ideological resources for contemporary cultural criticism and human emancipation.Meanwhile,the theory’s discussions on issues such as“the dialectical relationship between cultural autonomy and heteronomy”and"the practical path of aesthetic revolution"have also exposed its inherent limitations—and it is precisely these limitations that offer new entry points for deepening the study of critical theory.
作者
陈亚熙
Chen Yaxi(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
基金
中国人民大学2024年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划项目。
