摘要
为解决电力机车核心器件IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)多热源、高功率的散热需求,提出一种多热源自然循环相变冷却系统。系统为每个IGBT配置了10条冷却通道。采用Python编程,离散蒸发器和冷凝器通道及连接管道,并结合阻力损失模型与两相流传热模型,建立计算系统性能及使用要求的热力模型。按1∶1搭建系统实验台,采用自制热源模拟IGBT发热过程,开展2组不同功率下的冷却实验,对系统冷却性能进行验证。通过对比蒸发器出口工质温度以及热源温度的测量值与计算值,对热力模型进行验证。基于热力模型,计算并分析系统在设计工况下的流动、传热特征,探讨系统在不同循环流量、热源功率下的性能。研究结果表明,所设计的系统在每个热源发热功率为200 W的条件下,热源温度≤51℃,可以满足IGBT壳温≤65℃的要求。对比实验值,本文建立的模型对工质温度预测的误差≤0.06℃,对热源温度预测的误差≤2.64℃,说明模型可以较为准确地预测系统性能。冷却通道内,过冷工质相变较受热存在一段延迟,在该段内换热系数较低,热源可能会在该位置出现局部高温。随循环流量增大,热源温度先迅速降低,随后缓慢升高,存在一个使热源温度最低的理想循环流量(0.80 NL/min)。系统在每个热源功率在250~500 W下可以稳定工作,具有最佳的性价比。研究结果可为电力机车IGBT冷却系统设计及优化提供参考。
To solve the heat dissipation needs of the IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Translate),the core device of electric locomotive,with multiple heat sources and high power,a multi-heat source natural circulation phase change cooling system was proposed in this paper.The system was configured with 10 cooling microchannels for each IGBT.Python programming was used to discrete the evaporator and condenser microchannels and connecting pipelines.The pressure loss model and two-phase flow heat transfer model were combined to establish a thermodynamic model that can calculate the performance of the system and the use of requirements.The system experimental bench was constructed by 1∶1,and the self-made heat source was used to simulate the heat generation process of IGBT.Two sets of cooling experiments under different power were carried out to test the cooling performance of the system.The thermodynamic model was evaluated by comparing the measured and calculated values of the evaporator outlet temperature and the heat source temperature.Based on the thermodynamic model,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the system were calculated and analyzed under the designed working conditions.The performance of the system was investigated under different circulating flow rates and heat source powers.The results show that the designed system can meet the requirement of IGBT shell temperature≤65℃with the heat source temperature≤51℃under the condition of 200 W heat generation power of each heat source.Comparing the experimental values,the predicted value by the thermodynamic model has an error of≤0.06℃in the working fluid temperature and of≤2.64℃in the heat source temperature,indicating that the model can predict the system performance more accurately.In the cooling microchannels,there is a delay in the phase transition of the supercooled working fluid compared with the heating,in which the heat transfer coefficient is low,and the heat source may have a local high temperature.The temperature of the heat source decreases rapidly and then increases slowly as the circulation flow rate increases.An ideal circulation flow rate(0.80 NL/min)exists to minimize the heat source temperature.The system can work stably with a power of 250~500 W per heat source and has the best economic performance.The results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of the IGBT cooling system for electric locomotives.
作者
胡金润
杜昱静
陈梅洁
刘斌
周萍
刘俊达
闫红杰
HU Jinrun;DU Yujing;CHEN Meijie;LIU Bin;ZHOU Ping;LIU Junda;YAN Hongjie(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Hunan Lince Rolling Stock Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412001,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期4160-4171,共12页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2018GK4018)。
关键词
电力机车
IGBT
多热源
相变冷却
热力模型
electric locomotive
IGBT
multiple heat sources
phase change cooling
thermodynamic model
