摘要
目的调查并分析新疆结核病患者膳食营养摄入、膳食多样化程度以及结核病相关膳食影响因素,为针对结核病的有效预防措施提供参考依据。方法选取2023年7月-2024年7月新疆维吾尔自治区传染病医院收治的200例结核病患者为病例组,同时选取200名健康体检者作为对照组,发放食物频率问卷,分析患者的基本情况和膳食营养结构,探讨影响新疆居民结核病发生的相关因素。结果病例组和对照组间膳食多样化评分(DDS)构成差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),病例组DDS主要集中在较低分值;病例组谷薯类、蔬菜类、水果类、畜肉禽肉类、坚果类、食用油和食盐摄入量均显著低于对照组,而蛋类摄入量显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,谷薯类(OR=6.713,95%CI:2.917~15.447)、蔬菜类(OR=1.784,95%CI:1.001~3.181)摄入低于推荐量为新疆居民发生结核病的独立危险因素(P均<0.05),蛋类(OR=0.386,95%CI:0.210~0.710,P=0.002)摄入低于推荐量为新疆居民发生结核病的独立保护因素。结论新疆结核病患者的膳食营养结构尚有不足,表现为谷薯类、蔬菜类摄入不足及膳食多样化程度低,这些因素可能通过营养不良和免疫抑制途径增加疾病风险。针对性地改善主食与蔬菜摄入、优化蛋白质来源选择,并结合分餐制推广,有望为新疆结核病防控提供新方向。
Objective To investigate and analyze the dietary nutrient intake,dietary diversity and dietary factors affecting patients with tuberculosis in Xinjiang,and provide a reference for effective preventive measures against tuberculosis.Methods A total of 200 tuberculosis patients admitted to the Infectious Disease Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects,and 200 healthy controls were recruited.The subjects were divided into two groups(case group and control group)according to whether they were sick or not.Food frequency questionnaires were issued to more comprehensively analyze the basic situation and dietary nutritional structure of the patients,and to explore the related factors affecting the occurrence of tuberculosis in Xinjiang residents.Results The dietary diversity score(DDS)composition between the case group and the control group was significantly diferent(P=O.013),and the DDS of the case group was mainly concentrated in the lower score;in the case group,the intake of cereals,vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry meat,nuts,edible oil and salt were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05),while the intake of eggs was significantly higher than that in the control group(P=0.011);multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of cereals(0R=6.713,95%CI:2.917-15.447)and vegetables(0R=1.784,95%CI:1.001-3.181)below the recommended amount was an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in Xinjiang residents(all P<0.05),and the intake of eggs(OR=0.386,95%CI:0.210-0.710,P=0.002)below the recommended amount was an independent protective factor for tuberculosis in Xinjiang residents.Conclusions The dietary nutrition structure of tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang was defective,manifested in insufficient intake of cereals,tubers and vegetables and low dietary diversity,which might increase the risk of disease through malnutrition and immunosuppression.Targeted improvement of staple food and vegetable intake,optimization of protein source selection,and promotion of separate dining might provide new directions for tuberculosis prevention and control in Xinjiang.
作者
王雨薇
常玉雪
阿丽米热·阿不力米提
买日哈巴·卡米力
向阳
WANG Yuwei;CHANG Yuxue;ALIMIRE·Abulimiti;MAIRIHABA·Kamili;XIANG Yang(Department of Epidemiology and Statistics,School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017,China;Department of Social Medicine,School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017,China)
出处
《热带医学杂志》
2025年第7期969-973,共5页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(81860589)
省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题(SKL-HIDCA-2022-43)。
关键词
结核病
膳食营养
膳食多样化评分
Tuberculosis
Dietary nutrition
Dietary diversity score
