摘要
试验旨在探究磷肥用量对粮饲兼用玉米生长、产量及品质的影响。设置CK组(不施肥)、P_(0)组(不施磷肥)、P_(50)组(施磷110 kg/hm^(2))、P_(100)组(施磷220 kg/hm^(2))及P_(150)组(施磷330 kg/hm^(2))5个处理组,系统分析了施磷量对不同生育期玉米的株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、地上生物量、产量、粗蛋白累积量、经济效益的影响。结果显示,随着施磷量的增加,玉米的地上生物量、籽粒产量、粗蛋白含量和经济效益均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。P_(100)组的综合表现最佳,拔节期P_(100)组的株高较CK组和P_(0)组提高了81.80%和74.64%,LAI分别提高了52.52%和42.67%;开花期P_(100)组的株高较CK组和P_(0)组分别提高61.02%和43.56%,LAI分别提高82.84%和35.85%。P_(100)组籽粒产量达到14551.16 kg/hm^(2),较CK组增产3854.59 kg/hm^(2);粗蛋白累积量提高。P_(100)组的净收益为11158.00元/hm^(2),较CK组提高了78.24%。但过量施磷的P_(150)组籽粒产量、粗蛋白累积量均低于P_(100)组。二次方程拟合结果表明,产量、秸秆鲜重与总产值的理论最大值对应的施磷量分别为319.20、268.05、291.76 kg/hm^(2)。研究表明,综合实测产量与经济效益,建议施磷量在220~290 kg/hm^(2),此时可兼顾粮饲兼用玉米的高产、优质与高经济效益。
The experiment aimed to invesigate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer dosage on the growth,yield,and quality of grain-feeding maize.Five treatment groups were established:CK group(no fertilizer),group P_(0)(no phosphorus fertilizer),group P_(50)(phosphorus fertilizer 110 kg/hm^(2)),group P_(100)(phosphorus fertilizer 220 kg/hm^(2)),and group P_(150)(phosphorus fertilizer 330 kg/hm^(2)).Systematic analysis assessed the effects of phosphorus application dosage on the corn plant height,leaf area index(LAI),aboveground biomass,yield,crude protein accumulation,and economic benefits at different growth stages.The results showed that with increasing phosphorus fertilizer application,aboveground biomass,grain yield,crude protein content,and economic benefits initially increased and then decreased.Group P_(100)demonstrated optimal overall performance.At the jointing stage,plant height increased by 81.80%and 74.64%compared to groups CK and P_(0),while LAI rose by 52.52%and 42.67%,respectively.At flowering stage,the plant height of the P_(100)group was 61.02%higher than that of the CK group and 43.56%higher than that of the P_(0)group,the LAI increased by 82.84%and 35.85%,respectively.Group P_(100)achieved a grain yield of 14551.16 kg/hm^(2),an increase of 3854.59 kg/hm^(2)compared to the CK group,significantly enhanced crude protein accumulation.The net income of the group P_(100)was 11158.00 yuan/hm^(2),an increase of 78.24%compared to the CK group.Excessive phosphorus fertilizer application of group P_(150)reduced grain yield and crude protein accumulation lower than those in group P_(100).Quadratic fitting indicated theoretical maximum yields for grain,fresh straw weight,and total output value at phosphorus fertilizer rates of 319.20,268.05,and 291.76 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The study indicates that the phosphorus fertilizer application range of 220~290 kg/hm^(2)to balance high yield,quality,and economic efficiency for grain-feeding maize.
出处
《饲料研究》
北大核心
2025年第14期138-144,共7页
Feed Research
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:32360444)
自治区“天池英才”青年博士人才项目(项目编号:2025QNBS012)
新疆维吾尔自治区大学生创新创业训练计划项目(项目编号:202410764014)
伊犁州重点研究与技术开发专项(项目编号:YZD2024A02)
伊犁师范大学高层人才引进项目(项目编号:2023RCYJ01)。
关键词
粮饲兼用玉米
磷肥用量
粗蛋白含量
籽粒产量
经济效益
阈值效应
grain-feeding maize
phosphorus fertilizer dosage
crude protein content
grain yield
economic benefit
threshold effect
