摘要
探究晋中地区冬小麦粮饲兼用栽培的可行性及最佳刈割方案,可在保障区域粮食安全的同时提高经济效益。本研究基于田间试验,通过分析普通小麦和饲用小黑麦在不同刈割处理下对麦苗产量、营养成分及再生植株农艺性状、籽粒产量、籽粒品质的影响,结果表明:随着刈割时间的推迟和次数的增加,小麦麦草产量和必需氨基酸呈逐渐增加的趋势,而籽粒蛋白质含量、再生植株干物质质量、植株产量均呈现降低趋势。两个品种均在返青期刈割产量最高,食物当量生产力最大,其鲜草产量、干草产量也显著高于其他刈割时期(P<0.05)。普通小麦在越冬+返青期刈割时,麦草营养成分不仅最高,且净效益也最大,为13 618元/hm^(2),较不刈割显著增加5 040元/hm^(2);而饲用小黑麦返青期刈割时,饲草收入最高,为28 650元/hm^(2),净效益较不刈割显著增加8 632元/hm^(2)。总体而言,刈割会导致小麦产量、食物当量及生产力降低,但麦草可增加总收入,进而抵消植株籽粒减产造成的损失,增加净效益。
To explore the feasibility of grain-forage dual-purpose winter wheat cultivation and identify the optimal cutting period in the Jinzhong region,a field experiment was conducted.The study analyzed the effects of different cutting treatments on seedling yield,nutrient composition,agronomic traits of regenerated plants,grain yield,and grain quality in common wheat and forage triticale.The results showed that as cutting was delayed and the number of cuts increased,straw yield and essential amino acid content increased gradually,while grain protein content,dry matter accumulation in regenerated plants,and total plant yield decreased.Both cultivars achieved the highest forage yield and food equivalent productivity when cut during the regreening stage,with fresh and dry matter yields significantly higher than those of other cutting periods(P<0.05).For common wheat,cutting at the overwintering plus regreening stages resulted in the highest straw nutrient content and a maximum net benefit of 13618 yuan/hm^(2),which was 5040 yuan/hm^(2) higher than the no-cutting treatment.For forage triticale,cutting at the regreening stage produced the highest forage income(28650 yuan/hm^(2)),and net benefit increased by 8632 yuan/hm^(2) compared to no cutting.In summary,although cutting reduced grain yield,food equivalent,and productivity,the increased straw yield compensated for grain loss and improved net economic returns.
作者
张莉敏
栗如祥
张梦月
杨毅轩
林文
任爱霞
孙敏
高志强
ZHANG Limin;LI Ruxiang;ZHANG Mengyue;YANG Yixuan;LIN Wen;REN Aixia;SUN Min;GAO Zhiqiang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)
出处
《陕西农业科学》
2025年第8期20-28,共9页
Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省小麦产业体系项目(2023CYJSTX02-16)
国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-21)
山西农业大学农学院研究生创新项目(2023YCX47)。
关键词
刈割时期
普通小麦
饲用小黑麦
产量
营养价值
粮饲兼用
食物当量
Cutting period
Common wheat
Forage triticale
Yield
Nutritional value
Grain and feed dual-purpose
Food equivalent
Nutrients
Polyphenols
