摘要
【目的】锌缺乏会引发“隐性饥饿”。通过生物强化技术提升小麦籽粒锌含量及锌肥利用效率,能够有效增加膳食锌摄入量,改善人体锌营养状况。【方法】以特色彩粒小麦品种‘太黑5号’(紫粒)和‘太蓝8号’(蓝粒)作为研究对象,于2022—2024年在山西省晋中市太谷区开展2年田间试验。在彩粒小麦开花后3—5 d(全田50%以上麦穗中上部小花的内外颖张开,花药散粉时期)进行叶面喷锌处理,共设5个锌浓度水平:Zn0(去离子水对照)、Zn1(Zn浓度440 mg·L^(-1))、Zn2(Zn浓度587 mg·L^(-1))、Zn3(Zn浓度733 mg·L^(-1))、Zn4(Zn浓度880 mg·L^(-1))。通过测定2类彩粒小麦的籽粒产量及花后不同时间点籽粒、叶片、茎秆的锌含量,定量分析各器官中锌含量变化规律、锌累积量及分配特征、锌利用效率、籽粒锌强化指数和收获指数,旨在评价其锌营养强化效果。【结果】叶面喷锌显著提升彩粒小麦各器官锌含量及籽粒产量,其中Zn3处理下籽粒锌含量达到最高(21.79—67.90 mg·kg^(-1)),籽粒产量也达到峰值(4937.36—5097.27 kg·hm^(-2));籽粒锌累积量同样在Zn3处理下达到最优(251.30—301.54 g·hm^(-2)),叶片和茎秆的锌含量及累积量则随喷锌浓度的递增呈直线上升趋势;随喷锌量的增加,籽粒锌累积分配比例趋于下降(10%—18%),叶片锌累积占比升至66%,茎秆锌累积量维持在23%—30%;彩粒小麦各器官锌利用率在Zn3处理下实现高效协同(5.68%—7.70%);籽粒锌强化指数和锌收获指数则随喷锌浓度的递增呈下降趋势,与Zn1处理相比,其他喷锌处理籽粒锌强化指数降低12.50%—47.02%,与对照Zn0相比,喷锌处理籽粒锌收获指数下降23.66%—60.44%;‘太黑5号’在锌含量、累积、利用和强化方面均优于‘太蓝8号’;2类彩粒小麦可能受降水影响,均在第二生长季表现更好。【结论】花后叶面喷锌能有效调控彩粒小麦锌累积与分配,应用紫粒小麦+喷锌浓度为733 mg·L^(-1)可以实现彩粒小麦籽粒锌含量与锌利用的最佳平衡。
【Objective】Zn(Zinc)deficiency triggers‘hidden hunger’.Enhancing Zn concentration in wheat grains and Zn fertilizer use efficiency through biofortification can effectively increase dietary Zn intake,thereby improving human Zn nutritional status.【Method】The study subjects were two distinctive colored-grain wheat varieties:‘Taihei 5’(purple-grained)and‘Tailan 8’(blue-grained).A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2022-2024 in Taigu District,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province.Foliar Zn application was performed at 3-5 days after the flowering of colored-grain wheat(Over 50%of spikes in the wheat field had lemma and palea separation at middle-upper florets while anthers were dehiscing).Five Zn concentration treatments were applied:Zn0(deionized water),Zn1(Zn concentration:440 mg·L^(-1)),Zn2(Zn concentration:587 mg·L^(-1)),Zn3(Zn concentration:733 mg·L^(-1)),Zn4(Zn concentration:880 mg·L^(-1)).Through analysis of grain yield and Zn concentrations in grains,leaves,and stems across multiple post-anthesis periods for both colored-grain wheat types,Zn concentration variation dynamics,Zn accumulation and partitioning characteristics,Zn utilization efficiency,grain Zn biofortification index and grain Zn harvest indices were quantitatively analyzed to evaluate their Zn biofortification efficacy.【Result】Foliar Zn application significantly increased Zn concentrations in all organs and grain yield of colored-grain wheat,The Zn3 treatment produced the highest grain Zn concentration(21.79-67.90 mg·kg^(-1))and peak grain yield(4937.36-5097.27 kg·hm^(-2)).Grain Zn accumulation reached its optimum(251.30-301.54 g·hm^(-2))under the Zn3 treatment,while Zn concentrations and accumulation in leaves and stems increased linearly with rising application concentrations.With increasing Zn application concentrations,the grain Zn accumulation proportion showed a declining trend(10%-18%),while the leaf Zn accumulation proportion rose to 66%,and stem Zn accumulation remained at 23%-30%.Furthermore efficient synergy in Zn utilization efficiency across all organs of colored-grain wheat was achieved under Zn3 treatment(5.68%-7.70%).With increasing Zn application concentrations,the grain Zn biofortification index and Zn harvest index declined.Compared with Zn1,other Zn treatments reduced the grain Zn biofortification index by 12.50%-47.02%,while relative to the control(Zn0),all Zn treatments decreased the Zn harvest index by 23.66%-60.44%.‘Taihei 5’outperformed‘Tailan 8’in grain Zn concentration,accumulation,utilization efficiency,and biofortification performance.Possibly influenced by precipitation,both types of colored-grain wheat performed better in the second growing season【Conclusion】Post-anthesis foliar Zn application effectively regulated Zn accumulation and partitioning in colored-grain wheat.The combination of purple-grained wheat varieties and foliar Zn application at 733 mg·L^(-1)achieved the optimal balance between grain Zn concentration and Zn utilization efficiency in colored-grain wheat systems.
作者
李心怡
李嘉宁
杨文平
夏清
霍滢睿
郝世航
黄婷苗
任永康
陈杰
高志强
杨珍平
LI XinYi;LI JiaNing;YANG WenPing;XIA Qing;HUO YingRui;HAO ShiHang;HUANG TingMiao;REN YongKang;CHEN Jie;GAO ZhiQiang;YANG ZhenPing(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center for High Quality and Efficient Production of Characteristic Crops on the Loess Plateau Jointly Built by Provinces and Ministries/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;College of Life Sciences,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;Lüliang University,Lüliang 033001,Shanxi,China;The University of Queensland,Brisbane,QLD 4072,Australia)
出处
《中国农业科学》
2026年第3期515-527,共13页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2025CYJSTX18)
山西省现代农业杂粮产业技术体系(2025CYJSTX03-03)
山西农业大学“产学研融合推进工程”项目(2025CXYRH-047)
黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心骨干人员课题(SBGJXTZX-21)。
关键词
叶面锌肥
彩粒小麦
锌累积
锌分配
锌利用
foliar Zn application
colored-grain wheat
Zn accumulation
Zn partitioning
Zn utilization efficiency
