摘要
人工智能技术于近年来迅速发展,加快影响塑造国家军事体系。作为全球军事强国,美国将人工智能视为赋能自身军事力量以及强化大国战略竞争能力的关键抓手,同时基于该逻辑加紧强化自身人工智能军备。从态势上看,美国持续构建人工智能军备发展的战略部署和机制设置,尝试为军事改革提供制度及资源保障。在此基础上,美国积极推动人工智能融入军事决策进程,寻求通过该技术优化指挥控制效能和作战效率,同时亦以低调审慎姿态推进致命性自主武器的开发,聚焦利用该技术提升在新兴域中的行动空间、强化诉诸“混合战争”的能力。美国人工智能军备以维护国家安全利益和军事霸权为目标,在战略指向上服务于大国竞争,在获取路径上依赖“硅谷军工体”,在操作方式上结合“介入战争”与“融入演习”两种具体路径,或将催生新型军备竞赛,侵蚀大国战略稳定性,并加剧致命性自主武器治理的困境。未来,美国仍将持续致力于推进人工智能军备,同时这一进程也将面临多方面挑战。
Artificial intelligence(Al)technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years,accelerating their impact on the shaping of military systems.As a global military power,the United States views Al as a key enabler of its military strength and a critical instrument for enhancing its capabilities.The US has intensified its development of AI-based military armaments.From a posture perspective,the US continues to build strategic frameworks and institutional mechanisms to support the development of AI military capabilities,aiming to provide both systemic and resource-based guarantees for military transformation.On this foundation,the US promotes the integration of Al into military decision-making processes,seeking to optimize command and control performance as well as operational efficiency through the application of AI.Simultaneously,the US is advancing the development of lethal autonomous weapons in a relatively cautious and low-profile manner,focusing on expanding operational space in new domains and enhancing its capacity to engage in hybrid warfare through Al-related technologies.The overarching goal of US AI military armament is to safeguard national security interests and maintain military hegemony.Strategically,it serves the purpose of major country competition;in terms of acquisition,it relies heavily on the Silicon Valley-military complex;and in terms of implementation,it combines direct military intervention and military exercises.The US AI armament strategy is expected to have significant impacts on international politics.It may trigger a new type of arms race,undermine strategic stability among major countries,and further complicate the global governance of lethal autonomous weapons.In the future,the US will continue to be committed to advancing artificial intelligence armaments,and this process will also face many challenges.
出处
《现代国际关系》
北大核心
2025年第8期123-142,145,146,共22页
关键词
人工智能
美国军备
新兴技术
军事安全
战略稳定
artificial intelligence
US military armament
emerging technologies
military security
strategic stability
