摘要
数据权益是大数据时代产生的一种独立的新型权益,内部呈现出个人数据权益和非个人数据权益的二元构造,后者包括企业数据权益和公共数据权益。侵害个人数据权益导致的损害赔偿既包括对财产损失的赔偿,也包括对精神损害的赔偿。由于《民法典》第1183条第1款、第998条结合《精神损害赔偿解释》第5条确立的精神损害赔偿规则,与《民法典》第1182条、《个人信息保护法》第69条第2款结合《民法典》第998条所确立的财产损失赔偿规则中关于赔偿认定方法及考量因素的耦合,使个人数据权益侵害场合的财产损失与精神损害赔偿二者之间原本显著的区别被消弭了。非个人数据权益的侵权损害赔偿,应在特别法规定与一般法规定所分别确立的财产损失赔偿规范体系内明确各自的适用领域和界限,防止特别法规定的计算方法向《民法典》第1184条规定的“其他合理方式”这一一般条款逃逸,避免立法者通过特别规定对特定行为予以特殊调整的立法目的落空。
Data rights and interests constitute an independent and novel category of rights emerging in the era of big data.Internally,they exhibit a dual structure comprising personal data rights and non-personal data rights,with the latter including enterprise data rights and public data rights.Compensation for damages arising from the infringement of personal data rights encompasses both property losses and mental distress.However,the distinct boundaries between property loss compensation and mental distress compensation in cases of personal data rights infringement have become blurred.This is due to the coupling of methodologies and considerations in the rules governing these two types of compensation:the mental distress compensation rules established under Article 1183,Paragraph 1 and Article 998 of the Civil Code,in conjunction with Article 5 of the Judicial Interpretation on Mental Distress Compensation;and the property loss compensation rules established under Article 1182 of the Civil Code,Article 69,Paragraph 2 of the Personal Information Protection Law,and Article 998 of the Civil Code.For damage compensation in cases of non-personal data rights infringement,it is essential to clarify the respective scopes and boundaries of application between the norms established by special laws and those under general laws.This will prevent the evasion of special legal provisions into the general clause of"other reasonable methods"outlined in Article 1184 of the Civil Code,thereby ensuring that the legislative intent of tailoring specific rules for particular behaviors is not undermined.
作者
朱晓峰
ZHU Xiaofeng(Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing100081,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
北大核心
2025年第4期19-30,共12页
Legal Forum
基金
2024年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“个人信息侵权责任认定规则研究”(24FFXB048)的阶段性成果
中央财经大学科研创新团队支持计划资助。
关键词
数据权益
损害赔偿
企业数据权益
个人数据权益
其他合理方式
data rights and interests
damage compensation
enterprise data rights
personal data rights
other reasonable methods
