摘要
【目的】探明不同饲养方式对思南黄牛生长性能、血清指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,以期筛选出适宜思南黄牛的饲养方式,为思南黄牛高效养殖提供科学依据。【方法】以24头体重为(215±5)kg、健康无病的思南黄牛为试验对象,按照完全随机原则,分成放牧组和舍饲组,每组12头牛,每个重复1头牛。预试期14d,正试验期150d,试验初和试验末分别称量试验牛空腹重,计算生长性能;每组全部试验牛取尾静脉血各10mL,测定血清生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化能力;每组屠宰5头试验牛,测定屠宰性能及肉品质。【结果】生长性能,舍饲组思南黄牛末重、平均日增重、体斜长、胸围、腹围分别较放牧组显著提高20.64%、95.45%、9.07%、9.83%、5.48%。血清生化指标,舍饲组思南黄牛血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、磷含量分别较放牧组显著提高11.84%、12.80%、30.77%、13.16%、19.23%、20.00%、25.00%、30.00%、10.87%、29.51%、25.71%、5.88%。免疫指标,放牧组思南黄牛血清的免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-10含量分别较舍饲组显著提高35.71%、20.34%、6.28%、8.37%;白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α含量分别较舍饲组显著降低13.31%、7.59%。抗氧化指标,放牧组思南黄牛血清总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量分别较舍饲组显著提高51.28%、14.17%、26.28%;丙二醛含量较舍饲组显著降低30.43%。屠宰性能及肉品质,舍饲组思南黄牛胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率分别较放牧组显著提高28.43%、6.45%、9.87%,放牧组剪切力、滴水损失率、.水分分别较舍饲组显著提高31.43%、22.73%、2.97%,粗脂肪含量较舍饲组显著降低36.00%。【结论】放牧饲养能显著提高思南黄牛的免疫及抗氧化能力,舍饲饲养则能显著改善其生长及屠宰性能。建议思南黄牛可采用犊牛期放牧与育肥后期舍饲相结合的综合饲养策略。
【Objective】The effects of different feeding models on growth performance,serum indexes,slaughter performance and meat quality of Sinnan yellow cattle were investigated to provide the scientific basis for efficient breeding of Sinnan yellow cattle.【Method】Twenty-four healthy Sinan cattle(215±5)kg were randomly divided into grazing group and confined feeding group(12 cattle per group with one cattle per repetition).The fasting weights of total tested cattle in two groups were measured on 1 d and 150 d during 150 d experimental period after 14 d preliminary trial to calculate the growth performance.The blood samples(10 mL)were collected from the tail vein of total tested cattle in two groups to determine the serum biochemical indexes,immune parameters and antioxidant capacity.Five cattle from each group were slaughtered to assess the slaughter performance and meat quality.【Result】The final weight,average daily gain,body length,chest girth and abdominal girth of the confined feeding group were 20.64%,95.45%,9.07%,9.83%and 5.48%higher than those of the grazing group respectively.The total protein,albumin,urea nitrogen,glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,aspartate aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase and phosphorus content of the confined feeding group were 11.84%,12.80%,30.77%,13.16%,19.23%,20.00%,25.00%,30.00%,10.87%,29.51%,25.71%and 5.88%higher than those of the grazing group separately.The immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin G,interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 of the grazing group were 35.71%,20.34%,6.28%and 8.37%higher than those of the confined feeding group respectively but the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αcontent was 13.31%and 7.59%lower than those of the confined feeding group separately.The total antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content of the grazing group were 51.28%,14.17%and 26.28%higher than those of the confined feeding group respectively but the malondialdehyde content was 30.43%lower than the confined feeding group.The carcass weight,slaughter rate and net meat percentage of the confined feeding group were 28.43%,6.45%and 9.87%higher than those of the grazing group respectively.The shear force,drip loss and water of the grazing group were 31.43%,22.73%and 2.97%higher than those of the confined feeding group separately.The crude fat content was 36.00%lower than the confined feeding group.【Conclusion】The grazing pattern can enhance immune and antioxidant capacity of Sinnan yellow cattle,while the confined feeding pattern can improve growth and slaughter performance of Sinnan yellow cattle.The combined comprehensive feeding strategy including the grazing pattern at calfhood stage and the confined feeding pattern at later fattening stage is recommended for breeding of Sinan cattle.
作者
曾茂芹
覃涛英
裴成江
付薇
周丽
牟琼
韩永芬
ZENG Maoqin;QIN Taoying;PEI Chengjiang;FU Wei;ZHOU Li;MOU Qiong;HAN Yongfen(Guizhou Pratacultural Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Jinnongfuping Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd,Tongren,Guizhou 554100,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
2025年第8期65-76,共12页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省科技计划项目“肉牛饲草料高效利用技术应用与示范”(黔科合中引地项目〔2023〕024)。
关键词
思南黄牛
饲养方式
生长性能
血清生化指标
免疫指标
屠宰性能
肉品质
Sinan cattle
feeding model
growth performance
serum biochemical index
immune index
slaughter performance
meat quality
