摘要
汽车轻量化趋势推动了先进高强钢、铝合金、镁合金及碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)等轻质材料的广泛应用,但异种材料理化性能差异给传统连接技术带来严峻挑战。搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)作为一种创新性固相连接技术,凭借无熔化、低缺陷、可调控界面金属间化合物等优势,在轻量化材料连接领域展现出显著潜力。本文系统综述了FSW技术在汽车材料连接中的应用现状,重点分析常规搅拌摩擦焊与搅拌摩擦点焊(FSSW)的技术原理、研究进展及设备开发:常规FSW在铝合金轮毂、电池包箱体等构件中已实现工程应用,通过优化工艺可有效抑制铝/钢、镁/铝异种连接中的脆性相;FSSW(含回填式技术)优于传统电阻点焊工艺,在车身复杂结构连接中表现出高效性与可靠性。研究表明,FSW技术能显著提升异种材料接头的力学性能与稳定性,但当前面临工艺窗口窄、复杂构件适应性有限、智能化设备不足等挑战。本文展望了FSW技术向多维化、智能化设备发展的趋势,为其在汽车轻量化制造中的规模化应用提供理论与技术参考。
The trend towards the lightweighting of vehicles has promoted the widespread application of advanced high-strength steels,aluminum alloys,magnesium alloys,and carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials(CFRP),but the differ‐ences in the physicochemical properties of different materials pose a severe challenge to traditional joining technologies.Friction Stir Welding(FSW)as an innovative solid-phase joining technology,with advantages such as no melting,low de‐fects,and controllable interfacial intermetallic compounds,demonstrates significant potential in the field of lightweight ma‐terial joining.This paper systematically reviews the current status of FSW technology in automotive material joining,focus‐ing on the technical principles,research progress,and equipment development of conventional friction stir welding and fric‐tion stir spot welding(FSSW):conventional FSW has achieved engineering applications in aluminum alloy wheels,battery pack bodies,and other components,and through process optimization,it can effectively suppress the brittle phase in alumi‐num/steel and magnesium/aluminum dissimilar joints;FSSW(including the refilling technique)has superiority over tradi‐tional resistance spot welding processes,demonstrating efficiency and reliability in complex body structure joining.Re‐search indicates that FSW technology can significantly improve the mechanical performance and stability of dissimilar mate‐rial joints,but currently faces challenges such as a narrow process window,limited adaptability to complex components,and insufficient intelligent equipment.This paper looks forward to the trend of FSW technology towards multi-dimensional,in‐telligent equipment development,providing theoretical and technical references for its large-scale application in lightweight vehicle manufacturing.
作者
李雨
周利
杨朝旭
高士康
LI Yu;ZHOU Li;YANG Zhaoxu;GAO Shikang(Harbin Institute of Technology,National Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures,Harbin 150001,China;Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology,Weihai 264209,China)
出处
《电焊机》
2025年第8期24-37,共14页
Electric Welding Machine
基金
国家自然科学基金(52375316)
山东省泰山学者青年专家项目(tsqn202211089)。
关键词
搅拌摩擦焊
搅拌摩擦点焊
异种材料连接
汽车轻量化
固相连接
friction stir welding
friction stir spot welding
dissimilar materials joining
automotive lightweighting
solid-phase connection
