摘要
批判性思维是拔尖创新人才的重要素养,也是中国教育亟待关注和聚焦的重要内容。批判性思维是思维中的高阶成分,具体是指,当面对一个依凭现有知识难以解决的问题时,主体通过假设形成思维飞跃,通过检验进行证据确证之完整思维过程。批判性思维的背后蕴含的是一种“真假的知识观”,这是西方“求真”的知识传统之体现。但是,中国的文化传统强调“伦理涵养”,它所蕴含的是一种“伦理知识观”,表现为一种“应当的知识”。当学校教育教学(特别是在数理学科教学中)把“真假的知识”错配为“应当的知识”,就会出现批判性思维无法真正得到培养的窘境。基于此,我们要立足于知识层面审思课程与教学实践;关注学生的思维是否真正发生,而非表层的活动是否展开;教育研究要深入课堂的肌理之中,在细微处探究并推动中国教育的自主知识之生成。
Critical thinking is an important quality for top-notch innovative talents,and it is also an important content area that urgently needs attention in Chinese education.Critical thinking is a specific form of thinking—the higher-order component of thinking.Specifically,it refers to the complete thinking process where the subject forms a thinking leap through hypothesis generation when facing a problem that cannot be solved based on existing knowledge,and conducts“evidence testing”through“verification.”Behind critical thinking lies a“truefalse view of knowledge”,which reflects the Western tradition of truth-seeking.However,China's cultural tradition emphasizes“ethical cultivation”,which contains an“ethical view of knowledge”manifested as“knowledge of what should be done.”When school education and teaching(especially in mathematics and science)confuse“true-false knowledge”with“knowledge of what should be done”,a dilemma emerges where critical thinking cannot be truly cultivated.Based on this,we should re-examine the curriculum and teaching practices at the knowledge level.We should focus on whether students'thinking is truly occurring,rather than whether surface-level activities are being performed.Educational research should delve into classroom interactions and explore and promote the generation of self-constructed knowledge in Chinese education in subtle ways.
作者
吕林海
LYU Lin-hai(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210062,China)
出处
《苏州大学学报(教育科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期25-39,共15页
Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)
基金
2024年度国家社科基金教育学一般项目“人工智能赋能视角下‘拔尖计划’本科生的深度学习研究:内涵再构、影响机制与提升策略”(项目编号:BIA240122)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
拔尖创新人才
批判性思维
文化
知识观
top-notch innovative talents
critical thinking
culture
view of knowledge
