摘要
当前硬岩破碎以钻爆法为主,但存在连续作业难、损失贫化率高、衍生灾害突出等问题;机械破岩技术则面临截齿磨损严重、破岩效率低的技术瓶颈,严重制约硬岩巷/隧道掘进及战略性硬岩矿产的开采效率,亟须构建高效破岩新方法与新技术。本研究阐明硬岩压裂改性增割原理,通过硬岩水力压裂-机械截割试验,揭示岩石强度对压裂增割效果的影响规律与作用机理,提出“钻-导-压-割-落-运”连续掘进工艺,并通过工程现场应用验证压裂改性增割技术对硬岩破碎效率的提升作用。结果表明:水力裂隙改变了截齿附近岩石的应力状态,降低了截割阻抗;水力裂隙降低了岩石峰值截割力,提升了岩石可截割性;压裂岩石增割效果与岩石强度呈正相关关系;硬岩压裂改性增割技术在岩巷掘进中应用效果显著,截齿损耗量降低72.6%,掘进速度提升58.2%。研究结果可为硬岩连续高效破碎提供理论依据和技术支持。
Current hard rock breaking primarily uses the drilling-blasting technology,but this technology is associated with limitations including discontinuous operation,high ore loss/dilution,and safety risks.Meanwhile,the mechanical rock breaking technology also struggles with severe cutter wear and low rock breaking efficiency,which severely restrict the efficiency of hard rock tunneling and strate-gic hard rock mineral mining.Therefore,the development of efficient new rock breaking technologies is urgently required.In this study,a novel"fracturing modification"theory to enhance hard rock cutting was proposed first.Through hydraulic fracturing and mechanical cutting experiments on hard rock,how rock strength affects the hydraulic fracturing-enhanced cutting performance was obtained,and the mecha-nism of hydraulic fracturing-enhanced cutting for hard rock was revealed.Furthermore,a continuous tun-neling process of"drlling-guiding-fracturing-cutting-falling-transportation"was developed.Field tests confirmed that the hydraulic fracturing-enhanced cutting technology y effectively promotes hard rock breaking efficiency.The results show that hydraulic fractures reduce cutting resistance by altering the stress state of rock near the cutting pick.Besides,they decrease the peak cutting force while improving the rock cuttability.Cuttability improvement exhibits positive correlation with rock strength.The hydraulic fracturing-enhanced cutting technology demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in hard rock tunneling applications,with a 72.6%reduction in cutting pick wear and a 58.2%growth in tunneling speed.This research results provide both theoretical basis and technical support for the continuous and efficient breaking of hard rock.
作者
马丹
闫璟泓
侯文涛
李樯
刘全辉
MA Dan;YAN Jinghong;HOU Wentao;LI Qiang;LIU Quanhui(School of Mines,Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yulin Kekegai Coal Industry Co Ltd,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)
出处
《采矿与安全工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期798-806,共9页
Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC2905600)
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U23B2091)。
关键词
硬岩
水力压裂
改性增割
高效破岩
可截割性
hard rock
hydraulic fracturing
cutting modification and enhancement
efficient rock breaking
cuttability
