摘要
硬岩巷(隧)道掘进及战略性硬岩矿产开采过程中产生的粉尘对作业人员健康和机械设备构成严重威胁,硬岩注液润湿是从源头减少粉尘的有效方法。通过测定硬岩表面润湿剂接触角、利用低场核磁共振测试润湿剂扩散特征,筛选适用于硬岩的润湿剂,探究润湿硬岩的截割产尘规律,并在岩巷掘进现场开展注液抑尘试验验证其可行性。试验结果表明:SAS润湿剂可有效降低硬岩表面液滴的表面张力,增强硬岩润湿能力,其最佳质量分数为0.5‰,而低场核磁共振测试显示,润湿剂主要通过增加吸附孔隙中的水含量来提升硬岩润湿性;润湿剂能降低硬岩达到最佳抑尘含水率所需的压力和时间;润湿性差的岩石截割产生的粉尘中呼吸性粉尘占比更高,而随着润湿程度提高,总尘和呼吸性粉尘含量均明显降低。研究提出适用于岩巷掘进抑尘的“钻孔水力压裂+保压扩散”方法,验证了硬岩巷道注液源头抑尘的可行性。研究成果可为硬岩掘进和硬岩矿产绿色开采源头抑尘提供理论试验基础与科学指导。
Dust generated during hard rock roadway/tunnel excavation and strategic hard rock mineral mining poses enormous threats to both worker health and mechanical equipment,and liquid injection for hard rock wetting represents an effective method for dust suppression at the source.In this study,the contact angle of wetting agents on hard rock surfaces and their diffusion characteristics were measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR),for the purpose of identifying the wetting agent suit-able for hard rock conditions.Moreover,the dust generation patterns during wet rock cutting were analyzed,and field tests were conducted to validate liquid injection dust suppression in tunnel excavation.The measurement results disclose that the SAS wetting agent effectively decreases surface tension of liquid droplets on the hard rock surface,enhancing its wettability(optimal concentration:O.5‰).LFNMR testing indicates that the wetting agent primarily improves the wettability of hard rock by raising the water content in adsorbed pores.The wetting agent reduces both the pressure and time required to achieve the optimal dust suppression moisture content.Notably,rocks with poor wettability produce higher proportions of respirable dust during cutting,while enhanced wettability significantly lowers both total and respirable dust concentrations.Finally,a"hydraulic fracturing through boreholes+fluid diffusion under a constant pressure"method was proposed and verified to be effective for dust suppression in hard rock excavation.These research outcomes offer both theoretical and experimental support for source-level dust suppression in hard rock excavation and green mining of strategic hard rock minerals.
作者
李樯
张显成
俎在兴
张文豪
马丹
刘全辉
LI Qiang;ZHANG Xiancheng;ZU Zaixing;ZHANG Wenhao;MA Dan;LIU Quanhui(School of Mines,Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Yulin Kekegai Coal Industry Co Ltd,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)
出处
《采矿与安全工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期823-831,共9页
Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC2905600)
国家自然科学基金项目(52304104)。
关键词
硬岩破碎
润湿特性
截割产尘
源头抑尘
hard rock fragmentation
wetting characteristics
cutting-induced dust
source-level dust suppression
