摘要
以“汴粉21号”番茄为试验材料,在越冬一大茬日光温室内研究常规100%施化肥(CK)、90%常规施肥+12 000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(T1)、80%常规施肥+13 500 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(T2)及70%常规施肥+15 000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(T3)对番茄生长、光合特性、品质及产量的影响,以期为中原地区设施番茄合理施肥及绿色可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明,化肥减量配施有机肥显著提高了番茄植株的株高和茎粗,相较于CK,T1、T2、T3处理番茄单果质量分别增加14.9%、16.8%和34.4%,产量分别增加18.4%、59.4%和70.5%;化肥减量配施有机肥可不同程度地提高叶片光合特性,T3处理的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著高于CK处理,且胞间CO_(2)浓度显著低于CK处理;化肥减量配施有机肥后,番茄果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、番茄红素和维生素C含量显著增加,总酸含量显著降低。综合表明,常规化肥用量减少30%与施用15 000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥可显著增加番茄产量,提升果实品质,取得较好的经济效益。
Taking“Bianfen 21”tomato as the test material,the effects of 100%conventional fertilizer(CK),90%conventional fertilizer+12000 kg/ha organic fertilizer(T1),80%conventional fertilizer+13500 kg/ha organic fertilizer(T2)and 70%conventional fertilizer+15000 kg/ha organic fertilizer(T3)on tomato growth,photosynthetic characteristics,quality and yield were studied in a large overwintering solar greenhouse for providing reference for rational fertilization and green sustainable development of facility tomato in Central Plains.The results showed that chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter of tomato plants.Compared with CK,the single fruit weight of tomatoes under T1,T2 and T3 treatments were increased by 14.9%,16.8%and 34.4%,respectively,and the yield were increased by 18.4%,59.4%and 70.5%,respectively.The chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application also enhanced leaf photosynthetic characteristics to varying degrees,and the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of T3 treatment were significantly higher than CK treatment,and the intercellular CO_(2) concentration was significantly lower than CK treatment.The contents of soluble solid,soluble sugar,lycopene and vitamin C in tomato fruit increased significantly after fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application,while the total acid content decreased significantly.The results showed that reducing conventional chemical fertilizer by 30%combined with 15000 kg/ha organic fertilizer could significantly increased tomato yield,improved fruit quality and achieved better economic benefits.
作者
朱金籴
朱学刚
杜文青
邱拓宇
赵新彬
Zhu Jindi;Zhu Xuegang;Du Wenqing;Qiu Tuoyu;Zhao Xinbin(Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2025年第3期185-189,共5页
Crops
基金
开封市科技研发计划联合基金项目(22LH007)
开封市科技攻关项目(2302003)。
关键词
番茄
有机肥
光合特性
品质
产量
Tomato
Organic fertilizer
Photosynthesis characteristics
Quality
Yield
