摘要
为探明实现芝麻进一步增产的调控途径,选用豫芝ND837为材料,设置施用三元复合肥(M1:675 kg/hm^(2))、三元复合肥与生物有机肥配施(M2:三元复合肥405 kg/hm^(2)、生物有机肥4500 kg/hm^(2))2个处理,研究了有机肥和化肥配施对芝麻冠层垂直分布上不同部位冠层光合特性及产量形成的调控效应。结果表明,M2处理显著增加了植株上、中、下3个部位的叶面积指数,提高了上部和中部叶片的光合有效辐射截获率(PARi),但降低了下部的PARi。M2处理显著提高了各部位的光合速率、SPAD值和光合势,从而显著增加了各部位及总的干物质积累量。这使得上部和中部单株蒴数分别增加10.99%,7.55%,千粒质量分别增加5.69%,4.96%,籽粒产量分别增加16.77%,10.61%,总产量增加289.42 kg/hm^(2),增幅达14.43%。综上所述,与传统单施化肥相比,生物有机肥与化肥配施能够提高芝麻冠层各部位的光合能力,特别是上部冠层的光合效率,从而提升整个冠层的光合效率,最终带来更高的产量。
In order to find out the way to achieve further improvement in the yield of sesame,a field experiment was conducted using the sesame variety Yuzhi ND837 with two treatments application of three-nutrient compound fertilizer(M1:675 kg/ha)and co-application of three-nutrient compound fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer(M2:405 kg/ha three-nutrient compound fertilizer+4500 kg/ha bio-organic fertilizer).The study investigated the effects of organic-chemical fertilizer co-application on the canopy photosynthetic characteristics,and yield formation across different vertical layers of sesame canopy.The results demonstrated that M2 significantly increased the leaf area index at all canopy levels,enhanced the photosynthetically active radiation interception rate(PARi)in the upper and middle layer while reducing the PARi of the lower leaves.The M2 significantly improved the photosynthetic rate,SPAD values,and photosynthetic potential at all canopy levels,thereby significantly increasing dry matter accumulation in each layer and overall.This resulted in increases of 10.99%and 7.55%in the number of capsules per plant in the upper and middle layers respectively;increases of 5.69%and 4.96%in thousand-grain weight;increases of 16.77%and 10.61%in grain yield;and a total yield increase of 289.42 kg/ha,representing 14.43%increase.In conclusion,compared to conventional chemical fertilizer,the co-application of organic-chemical fertilizer optimizes the photosynthetic capacity of sesame at different canopy layers,particularly in the upper canopy,thereby enhancing the overall canopy photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately resulting in higher yields.
作者
戴晋
郑飞娜
张仙美
郑磊
杨森要
高桐梅
DAI Jin;ZHENG Feina;ZHANG Xianmei;ZHENG Lei;YANG Senyao;GAO Tongmei(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luohe 462300,China;Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期152-159,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
国家现代农业(特色油料)产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-18,CARS-14-1-14)
中原科技创新领军人才项目(224200510021)
河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC039)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(242102110173)
河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20241471132)。
关键词
芝麻
生物有机肥
叶面积指数
光合有效辐射截获率
冠层特性
Sesame
Bio-organic fertilizer
Leaf area index
Photosynthetically active radiation interception rate
Canopy characteristics
