摘要
为了探究氮肥减量及配施秸秆生物炭对滨海盐土水稻产量及土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以‘海稻86’为研究对象,通过盆栽试验设置5个处理:不施氮(B0N0)、常规施氮(B0N100)、单施2%生物炭(B2N0)、减氮15%配施2%生物炭(B2N85)、常规施氮配施2%生物炭(B2N100)。结果表明,与B0N100处理相比,B2N100处理的水稻产量提高37.4%,B2N85处理提高48.9%,其中主要影响分蘖数、千粒重、每穗粒数。与B0N0、B0N100处理相比,B2N0、B2N85、B2N100处理显著提高了土壤pH;与B0N100处理相比,B2N85、B2N100处理显著提高了有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量、土壤养分;生物炭配施氮肥增加了生丝微菌目、芽单胞菌目的丰度,其中与氮循环相关的生丝微菌目在B2N85处理丰度最高。通过Mantel Test分析表明,芽单胞菌目与腐殖质(HU)、AP、AK和碱解氮(AN)呈显著正相关,并且与水稻产量有显著相关性。结果表明:减氮15%配施2%生物炭通过改善土壤pH、HU、AP、AK和AN含量,同时影响土壤微生物群落结构进而直接或间接影响水稻产量,其中AN、AP和芽单胞菌目是主要的调控因子。合理减少氮肥使用生物炭可以改善盐土环境,提高水稻产量,为我国滨海盐土的农业开发和化肥施用提供参考依据。
The special environment of coastal saline-alkali land severely limits the conversion and utilization of soil nitrogen.In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and straw biochar application on rice yield and soil microbial community structure in saline paddy fields,five treatments were set up for‘Haidao 86’through pot experiment,including no nitrogen(B0N0),conventional nitrogen(B0N100),2%biochar alone(B2N0),15%nitrogen reduction combined with 2%biochar(B2N85),conventional nitrogen combined with 2%biochar(B2N100).The results showed that the yield of rice under B2N100 treatment was increased by 37.4%and that under B2N85 treatment was increased by 48.9%,which mainly affected tillering number,1000-grain weight and number of grains per panicle.In addition,compared with B0N0 and B0N100 treatments,the treatments of B2N0,B2N85 and B2N100 significantly increased soil pH.Compared with B0N100 treatments,B2N85 and B2N100 treatments significantly increased the content of available potassium(AK)and available phosphorus(AP),and effectively increased the soil nutrients.Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the abundance of Hyphomicrobiales and Gemmatimonadales,among which the nitrogen cycling-related Hyphomicrobiales had the highest abundance in B2N85 treatment.Mantel Test analysis showed that Gemmatimonadales had significant positive correlation with humus(HU),AP,AK and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),and had significant correlation with rice yield.The results showed that nitrogen reduction combined with biochar directly or indirectly affected rice yield by changing soil pH,HU,AP,AK and AN contents,among which AN,AP and Gemmatimonadales were the main regulatory factors.Reasonable reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar could increase rice yield,and provide scientific basis for the application of chemical fertilizer and agricultural development and utilization in saline-alkali soil in China.
作者
李晴
吴炜龙
杨贵琼
蔺中
宋孟珂
李哲
甄珍
LI Qing;WU Wei-long;YANG Gui-qiong;LIN Zhong;SONG Meng-ke;LI Zhe;ZHEN Zhen(College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088;College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642;Biology Institute,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan Shandong 250014)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第11期118-126,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学面上基金(41977125)
广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515010630,2022A1515010867,2024A1515010766)。
关键词
盐渍土
水稻产量
氮肥
生物炭
微生物群落结构
saline soil
rice yield
nitrogen fertilizer
biochar
microbial community structure
