摘要
目的通过对2020—2023年全国流行性腮腺炎(简称流腮)监测数据进行分析,探讨不同剂次含流腮成分疫苗(mumps-containing vaccines,MuCV)的免疫策略下我国流腮的流行病学特征。方法采用描述流行病学方法,基于2020—2023年全国流腮监测数据,对2004—2007年(未实施MuCV时期)、2008—2019年(实施1剂次MuCV时期)和2020—2023年(实施2剂次MuCV时期)三个不同时期全国流腮发病水平以及在不同时间、地区和人群分布特征进行比对分析。结果2020—2023年全国流腮年发病率为6.48~9.20/10万,年报告病例数为91303~129120例。在实施2剂次MuCV免疫策略后,我国流腮的流行病学特征发生了一定的变化。和2004—2007年,2008—2019年相比,2020—2023年流腮的传统季节流行模式消失,全年无明显的流行高峰;流腮发病水平无明显地区差异。15岁以下的青少年依然是流腮的主要发病人群(占比85.46%),其中5~9岁儿童占比45.07%。和2004—2007年,2008—2019年相比,2020—2023年0~4岁组流腮病例构成比呈上升趋势,10~14岁组流腮病例构成比呈下降趋势,40岁以上成人病例构成比也有所增加。流腮最高发病率所在的年龄组由7岁前移至4岁。结论2剂次MuCV免疫策略有效降低了我国流腮的发病率,但仍需加强对幼儿园和小学儿童等重点人群的流腮疫情监测。
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in China under the immunization strategies of different doses of mumps-containing vaccines(MuCV)by analyzing the national mumps surveillance data from 2020 to 2023.MethodsBased on the national mumps surveillance data from 2020 to 2023,a comparative analysis was conducted on the mumps incidence and the distribution characteristics of mumps cases in time,region and population in the three different periods of 2004-2007(without MuCV implementation),2008-2019(one-dose MuCV implementation)and 2020-2023(two-dose MuCV implementation)in China.ResultsFrom 2020 to 2023,the annual incidence rate of mumps was 6.48-9.20/100000,and the annual number of reported cases was 91303-129120 cases.After the implementation of the 2-dose MuCV immunization strategy,the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in China have changed to some extent.Compared with the period of 2004-2007 and 2008-2019,the traditional seasonal epidemic pattern of mumps disappeared from 2020 to 2023,with no obvious epidemic peak throughout the year.There was no significant regional difference in the incidence of mumps.Children and adolescents under 15 years of age were the main population of mumps(accounting for 85.46%),of which children aged 5-9 years accounted for 45.07%.Compared with the period of 2004-2007 and 2008-2019,the proportion of mumps cases in the 0-4 years old group showed an increasing trend,the proportion of mumps cases in the 10-14 years old group showed a decreasing trend,and the proportion of adult cases over 40 years old also increased from 2020 to 2023.The age group with the highest incidence of mumps was found to have shifted from 7 years old to 4 years old.ConclusionsThe 2-dose MuCV immunization strategy has effectively reduced the incidence of mumps in China.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of mumps in kindergartens and primary school children.
作者
池旭靖
罗淼淼
朱贞
毛乃颖
张燕
崔爱利
Chi Xujing;Luo Miaomiao;Zhu Zhen;Mao Naiying;Zhang Yan;Cui Aili(National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease,WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles and Rubella Laboratory,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》
2025年第1期34-40,共7页
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2704904)。
关键词
流行性腮腺炎
流行病学特征
免疫策略
Mumps
Epidemiological characteristics
Immunization strategy
