摘要
当前我国学龄人口变化总体呈现三大趋势:一是总量上先波峰、后波谷的“波浪式”新生人口走势;二是分布上增区少、减区多的“分化式”区域人口态势;三是类型上变化大、问题多的“焦点式”特殊人口形势。学龄人口变化对基本公共教育服务供给产生重要影响,学龄人口总量变动影响了各个阶段公共教育服务,学龄人口空间变动影响了不同区域公共教育服务,学龄人口类型变动影响了各种特殊公共教育服务。要树立战略思维、类型思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维,坚持两点论、重点论和具体论,在辩证统一中确立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制。学龄人口增长区要确立属地供给原则、统筹学位供求矛盾、实施教师优化配置、构建“钱随生走”机制。学龄人口减少区要重塑办学质量提升机制、完善教师配置优化机制、建立特型资源标准机制、厘清经费需求保障机制。学龄人口稳定区要分类型、找定位、强服务、提质量,确保基本公共教育服务优质均衡供给。
Currently,there are three major trends in the overall changes of China's school-age population:firstly,the“wave type”trend of new population with a peak and then a trough in the total amount;The second is the“differentiated”regional population trend with fewer areas of increase and more areas of decrease in distribution;The third is the“focal type”special population situation with significant changes in type and many problems.The changes in the school-age population have a significant impact on the supply of basic public education services.The changes in the total school-age population affect public education services at various stages,the spatial changes in the school-age population affect public education services in different regions,and the changes in the types of school-age population affect various special public education services.We should establish strategic thinking,type thinking,dialectical thinking,systematic thinking,and innovative thinking,adhere to the two-point theory,key theory,and concrete theory,and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with population changes in dialectical unity.The school-age population growth areas should establish the principle of territorial supply,coordinate the contradiction between supply and demand of enrollment opportunity,implement optimized allocation of teachers,and build a“money follows people”mechanism.In areas with a decreasing school-age population,it is necessary to reshape the mechanism for improving the quality of education,improve the mechanism for optimizing teacher allocation,establish a standard mechanism for special resources,and clarify the mechanism for ensuring funding needs.The stable areas of school-age population should be classified and positioned,with strong services and improved quality,to ensure high-quality and balanced supply of basic public education services.
作者
邬志辉
王秦
WU Zhi-hui;WANG Qin(China Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)
出处
《东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第2期1-10,共10页
Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
基金
研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大专项(24ZDA030)。
关键词
人口变化
基本公共教育服务供给机制
人口增长区
人口减少区
人口稳定区
Population Changes
Basic Public Education Service Supply Mechanism
Population Growth Areas
Population Decline Areas
Population Stability Areas
