摘要
近年来,有关计算政治学的研究方法、研究逻辑、概念体系和学科边界的讨论一直持续。本文聚焦于计算政治学的研究方法和边界,提出并讨论了政治计算、社会模拟以及互联网实验三种研究方法的分析思路、优势与局限。其中,政治计算在数据量与数据维度方面更具优势;社会模拟对于复杂系统具有更高的适配性;互联网实验是验证因果关系的有力手段,但这些研究方法也会受到数据和模型限制。当前阶段,计算政治学在方法论、研究主题以及伦理等三个方面也具有明显的边界:作为一种政治学方法论,它依托于政治学理论而存在,不适合于政治哲学问题、战略性问题以及个别事件的研究,社会伦理也为计算政治学者对数理结果的解读和应用划定了边界。
In recent years,political scientists have been heatedly discussing the research methods,logic,concepts,and application boundaries of computational politi-cal science.In this paper,we focus on the research methods and application bounda-ries of computational political science.We come up with and discuss advantages and disadvantages of three main analytical methods of computational politics:political computation,social simulation,and Internet-based experiment.We argue that politi-cal computation has advantages in data volume and dimension;social simulation is more compatible with complex systems;Internet-based experiment is a powerful way to verify causality.However,these analytical methods can be constrained by data and models.The application boundaries of computational politics methods can be delinea-ted by methodology,research topic,and ethics.As a political science methodology,computational political science must be based on solid political theories.Furthermore,computational political science is not a suitable methodology for research questions in political philosophy,grant strategy,and isolated incidents.Moreover,social ethics al-so circumscribe how political scientists interpret and apply mathematical results.
出处
《北大政治学评论》
2023年第2期205-231,共27页
Peking University Political Science Review
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“计算社会科学背景下的政治学研究方法变革研究”(19BZZ010)的资助
关键词
计算政治学
大数据
政治计算
社会模拟
实验
Computational political science
Big data
Political computation
Social simulation
Experiment
