摘要
清華簡《芮良夫毖》發表已久,學術研究成果衆多,但因文義古奥,仍有一些剩義可尋。本文對《芮良夫毖》中的一些字詞進行考證:簡3“以自訿䜋”,根據安大簡《詩經》簡101的“訿”與《詩經·魏風·葛屨》對讀,把《芮良夫毖》的“訿”讀爲“刺”,並根據典籍“刺譏”常常連言的情况,把“訿”後面的“䜋”讀爲“譏”。簡19-20“約結繩[叀刂],民之關閉。如關柭、扃管、繩[叀刂]既正,而五相柔比”,根據學者的意見把“[叀刂]”讀爲“端”,認爲是正、直的意思;又根據《老子》“善閉者無關楗而不可開,善結者無繩約而不可解”,與《芮良夫毖》相關句甚近的情况,把“柭”讀爲“楗”。
The Rui Liangfu Bi(《芮良夫毖》)has been published in the Warring States Bamboo Slips in the Collection of Tsinghua University(Vol.3)for a long a time,from which numerous research findings arise.But due to its archaic and abstruse meaning,there are still some issues remaining to be resolved within.In this article,we conduct some textual research on characters in the Rui Liangfu Bi.Slip 3 of the Rui Liangfu Bi writes“so as to censure yourselves for calumny”(以自訿䜋).According to the comparison between the character zi(訿)on Slip 101 of the Anhui University bamboo-slip Classic of Poetry and that of the Dolichos Shoes(《葛屨》)in the Odes of Wei of the received Classic of Poetry,the character zi in the Rui Liangfu Bi should be read as ci(刺).According to the common collocation ciji(刺譏)in the ancient records,the character hui(䜋)succeeding zi should be read as ji(譏).Slips 19–20 of the Rui Liangfu Bi writes,“The measuring-line and circle—these are the crux of[governing]the people.Like the horizontal and vertical door brace,the bolt and the key,and just as the measuring-line and circle are perfectly aligned,the five ministers fall yieldingly into line.”(約結繩,民之關閉。如關柭、扃管、繩既正,而五相柔比。)According to scholars’opinion,we read the character duan([叀刂])as duan(端),meaning to be correct and straight.According to the similarity between the texts in the Tao Te Ching,“One who excels in shutting uses no bolts yet what he has shut cannot be opened;One who excels in tying uses no cords yet what he has tied cannot be undone”(善閉者無關楗而不可開,善結者無繩約而不可解),and its relevant sentence in the Rui Liangfu Bi,we read the character ba(柭)as jian(楗).
基金
2021年國家社科基金重點項目“清華簡佚《書》類文獻整理與研究”(21AYY017)
古文字與中華文明傳承發展工程規劃項目(G1935)的資助。
关键词
清華簡
芮良夫毖
訿
[叀刂]
柭
Rui Liangfu Bi(《芮良夫毖》)in the Warring States Bamboo Slips in the Collection of Tsinghua University(Vol.3)
Zi(訿)
Duan([叀刂])
Ba(柭)
