摘要
我国实证法上的公益诉讼仅仅指《民事诉讼法》第58条和《行政诉讼法》第25条以及单行法规定的民事公益诉讼和行政公益诉讼,公民个人不享有公益诉讼的诉权。实质意义上的公益诉讼泛指保护社会公共利益和公众权益的诉讼,包括追求公共利益保护的私权诉讼。公益性私权诉讼存在机构原告型和个人原告型两种类型,通过对案件事由、诉讼请求、被告身份、处理方式进行设计和选择,追求涉诉问题的全面性解决。公益性私权诉讼的波及效及其对所诉纠纷所涉制度规则的影响,使得公益性私权诉讼具有了超越个案的溢出效应。公益性私权诉讼综合了纯粹私权诉讼的法理和法定公益诉讼的法理,法院也存在基于司法能动主义而放宽诉讼实施权限制以及策应原告公益保护目标的情况。在立法上向公民个人开放公益诉讼诉权仍然应该慎重,但解释论上法院可以适当放宽具有公益性的私权诉讼的诉讼请求的范围,以此缓和法定公益诉讼因范围限制和诉权主体限定所导致的迟滞性。
The public interest litigation in the positive law of China only refers to the civil public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation stipulated in Article 58 of the“Civil Procedure Law”,Article 25 of the“Administrative Procedure Law”and other separate laws,and individual citizens do not have the right to introduce certain claim for public interest.Public interest litigation in a substantive sense generally refers to litigation to protect social public interest and public right and interest,including private right litigation that pursues the protection of public interest.There are two types of private right litigation for public interest:institutional plaintiff type and individual plaintiff type,which pursue a comprehensive solution to the issues involved in the litigation,by designing and screening the cause of the case,the claims,the identity of the defendant,and the modality for handling the case.The ripple effect of private right litigation for public interest and its impact on the institutional rules involved in the disputes involved make private right litigation for public interest have a spillover effect beyond individual cases.Private right litigation for public interest combines the jurisprudence of pure private right litigation and the jurisprudence of statutory public interest litigation,and there are also cases where courts relax restrictions on the right to implement litigation based on judicial activism and respond to the plaintiff’s public interest protection goals.Legislation should still be cautious in opening the action of public interest litigation to individual citizens,but in terms of interpretation,the court can appropriately relax the scope of claims for private right litigation for public interest,so as to alleviate the limitations of the scope of causes of action and the scope of the plaintiffs of statutory public interest litigation.
出处
《苏州大学学报（法学版）》
CSSCI
2024年第1期136-148,共13页
Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色公益诉讼现代化的理论创新与实现机制研究”(项目编号:23&ZD164)的阶段性成果。
关键词
公共利益
私权诉讼
诉讼请求
程序构造
Public Interest Litigation
Private Right Litigation
Litigation Claim
Procedural Structure
