摘要
青海作为中国的高原水塔,区域内森林能否稳定发挥其水源涵养功能至关重要。研究其林区人工水源涵养林的稳定性,明确限制林分稳定性的主要因子,可为林分结构调控与功能提升提供科学依据。于2019年5—9月在青海省大通县塔尔沟小流域选取6种典型林分作为研究对象,构建稳定性评价指标体系,结合层次分析法和模糊物元法计算各指标组合权重,采用综合评价法进行分析评价。结果表明:1)混交林稳定性整体大于纯林,青海云杉白桦混交林稳定性最好,青杨纯林稳定性最差。2)组合权重结果表明:林分密度、土壤水分和生物多样性是林分稳定的主要限制因子。青海云杉白桦混交林可以作为指导青海东部地区林分功能提升的理想林分。区域植被重建过程中,应通过调整林分结构和密度,增加灌木和草本层的生物多样性,营建复层异龄的针阔混交林,确立科学合理的人工林营建模式。
[Background]The eastern Qinghai Province is located in the transition zone between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and due to its unique geographical location and natural environmental conditions,the regional forest ecosystem is sensitive and fragile,and once damaged,it is extremely difficult to recover.Meanwhile,Qinghai province is the plateau water tower of China.It is very important whether the forest in the region can play its water conservation function stably for a long time.Study the stability of artificial water conservation forest and clarify the main factors limiting can provide scientific basis for the regulation and function improvement of the forest structure.[Methods]From May to September 2019,the experiment was carried out in the Tagou watershed of Datong county,Qinghai province.Six typical artificial water conservation forest of Picea crassifolia,Populus cathayana,Betula platyphylla,P.cathayana&B.platyphylla,P.crassifolia&B.platyphylla,P.crassifolia&P.cathayana,were selected as research objects.Stand density,soil moisture and other indicators were measured.The stability evaluation index system was constructed from four aspects:forest structure stability,biological stability,resistance stability and functional stability,and the combined weights of each index were calculated by combining the analytic hierarchy method and fuzzy matter element method,and the comprehensive evaluation method was used for analysis and evaluation.[Results]1)The annual net growth of mixed forests was greater than that of pure forests,and the annual net growth of coniferous pure forests was significantly greater than that of broadleaf pure forests(P<0.05).2)The natural regeneration of the mixed forest of P.crassifolia&B.platyphylla,was significantly higher than that of other stand types,and there was no natural regeneration of the P.cathayana pure forest.3)The soil moisture of P.cathayana was significantly lower than that of other forest(P<0.05),the soil nutrient content of mixed forest was higher than that of pure forest,the maximum soil nutrient of P.crassifolia&B.platyphylla was 37.77 g/kg.4)The overall stability of the mixed forest was greater than that of the pure forest.The best stability forests were P.crassifolia&B.platyphylla,and the worst stability forest were P.cathayana.5)The combined weighting results showed that the weight values of stand density,soil moisture and biodiversity were relatively large.[Conclusions]The most stable stand type in the region is P.crassifolia&B.platyphylla.Stand density,soil moisture and biodiversity were the main limiting factors for stand stability.In the process of vegetation reconstruction,it is necessary to adjust the stand structure and density,increase the biodiversity of shrub and herbaceous layer,and create conifer and broadleaf mixed forest with different age.
作者
王作枭
贾洪文
麻鑫垚
李远航
林莎
张静
贺康宁
WANG Zuoxiao;JIA Hongwen;MA Xinyao;LI Yuanhang;LIN Sha;ZHANG Jing;HE Kangning(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Qinghai Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute,810000,Xining,China;Northeast Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Electric Power Engineering Consulting Group,130021,Changchun,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期47-56,共10页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
青海省科技厅科技成果转化专项“祁连山林草植被结构调整与功能提升试验示范”(2020-S F-144)。
关键词
水源涵养林
林分类型
林分稳定性
模糊物元法
结构调控
water conservation forest
forest types
stand stability
fuzzy matter-element model
stand structure adjustment
