摘要
解析区域森林现实植被群落与原生群落之间的状态差异,以人工林近自然经营为目标,提出林分结构调整的策略与方法,为森林资源可持续利用和退化森林生态系统恢复与重建提供依据。以青海互助县金禅沟小流域主要林分类型为研究对象,通过敏感性分析和相关性分析确定影响近自然度的关键指标,采用熵权法和综合指数法进行评价,并针对近自然度较低的人工林提出了具体的经营措施和现实案例。(1)最终选定灌木盖度(%)、草本盖度(%)、单位面积蓄积量(m^(3)/hm^(2))、水平层次结构、物种多样性、自然更新和物种指示物等13个指标作为区域近自然度评价指标。(2)各指标的权重值在0.019—0.186之间,其中,自然更新值最大,灌木层物种多样性和灌木盖度次之,最小的为病虫鼠害程度。(3)近自然度评价结果表明:人工林中云杉白桦混交林近自然度最高,云杉青杨混交林和白桦青杨混交林次之,白桦纯林和云杉纯林相对较低;天然林中,云杉白桦混交林近自然得分远高于白桦纯林。综合来看,区域当前所处的森林演替阶段,针阔混交林可以作为林分结构调整和营造新林的目标林分,特别是云杉白桦混交林,建议在进行林分结构调整时,云杉人工纯林中尽可能补植不低于云杉树高的白桦等阔叶树种,白桦纯林补植云杉幼苗。
This study analyzed the status differences between the current vegetation communities and the original communities in the region.With the goal of promoting near⁃natural management of artificial forests,it proposes strategies and methods for adjusting stand structures,providing a basis for the sustainable use of forest resources and the restoration and reconstruction of degraded forest ecosystems.The study focused on the main forest types in the Jinchan Gou small watershed in Huzhu County,Qinghai Province.Through sensitivity analysis and correlation analysis,key indicators affecting near⁃naturalness were identified.The entropy weight method and comprehensive index method were used for evaluation,and specific management measures and practical case studies were proposed for artificial forests with lower degrees of near⁃naturalness.(1)Thirteen indicators were selected for evaluating regional near⁃naturalness,including shrub coverage(%),herbaceous coverage(%),stand volume per unit area(m^(3)/hm^(2)),horizontal stratification,species diversity,natural regeneration,and species indicators.(2)The weights of these indicators ranged from 0.019 to 0.186,with natural regeneration having the highest weight,followed by species diversity in the shrub layer and shrub coverage.The lowest weight was given to pest and disease severity.(3)The evaluation results of near⁃naturalness indicated that the mixed spruce⁃birch forest had the highest degree of near⁃naturalness among artificial forests,followed by mixed spruce⁃poplar and mixed birch⁃poplar forests,while pure spruce and pure birch forests were relatively low.Among natural forests,the mixed spruce⁃birch forest scored much higher in near⁃naturalness compared to pure birch forests.In summary,based on the current forest succession stage in the region,mixed conifer⁃broadleaf forests,especially the mixed spruce⁃birch forest,can serve as the target stand structure for adjustment and new forest establishment.It is recommended that,during stand structure adjustments,broadleaf species such as birch(at least as tall as the spruce)should be replanted in pure spruce forests,while young spruce seedlings should be planted in pure birch forests.
作者
王作枭
黄海山
严芝银
杨润泽
马小东
李川
贺康宁
WANG Zuoxiao;HUANG Haishan;YAN Zhiyin;YANG Runze;MA Xiaodong;LI Chuan;HE Kangning(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Baoku Forest Farm,Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County,Xining 810100,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第16期8154-8164,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
青海省科技厅项目(2022⁃SF⁃160)。
关键词
近自然度
森林演替
林分结构调整
near⁃naturalness
forest succession
stand structure sdjustment
