摘要
森林生态系统凭借其复杂的组成和结构高度有效地调控着地表径流,在涵养水源、保持水土、维持流域水文循环等方面发挥着关键作用。以中国典型森林生态系统的径流场年尺度地表径流监测数据为基础,探究中国森林生态系统的地表径流特征及其与降雨、植被和地形等要素的关系。结果表明:我国不同森林生态系统年地表径流量处于0-152.0 mm之间,均值为(25.4±1.5)mm;年地表径流率在0-9.1%,均值为(2.1±0.1)%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均地表径流量((7.3±2.0)-(36.4±3.1)mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(1.3±0.3)%-(2.5±0.2)%。常绿阔叶林的地表径流量(36.4 mm)及地表径流率(2.5%)在所观测的典型森林生态系统中均最高,针阔混交林次之,落叶针叶林则最低。整体上,无论地表径流量还是地表径流率均表现为常绿林大于落叶林(P<0.01),阔叶林大于针叶林(P>0.05)。进一步分析表明,我国森林生态系统的年地表径流量及地表径流率均随纬度的增加呈极显著的幂函数式下降(P<0.01),且与观测区年降雨量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。此外,林分结构因子如叶面积指数和平均胸径亦显著影响着森林生态系统的地表径流率特征。研究为进一步科学定量评估我国森林植被水文服务功能和价值等提供了重要参数。
Forest ecosystems,characterized by their complex composition and structure,play a crucial role in effectively regulating surface runoff,conserving water resources,maintaining soil integrity and water retention,as well as sustaining the hydrological cycle within watersheds.Based on annual scale surface runoff monitoring data collected from runoff plots of typical forest ecosystems across diverse regions of China,this study systematically investigated the spatial distribution characteristics of surface runoff within Chinese forest ecosystems and explored their relationships with critical factors such as precipitation characteristics,vegetation type,and topography factors.The findings revealed that the annual surface runoff across various forest ecosystems in China ranged from 0 to 152.0 mm,with a mean value of(25.4±1.5)mm,while the annual surface runoff ratio fluctuated between 0%and 9.1%,with a mean value of(2.1±0.1)%.In terms of long-term multiple year average values,the surface runoff of the five typical forest ecosystems exhibited a range of(7.3±2.0)to(36.4±3.1)mm,accounting for(1.3±0.3)%to(2.5±0.2)%of the multiple year average precipitation during the corresponding period.Among the observed typical forest ecosystems,evergreen broad-leaved forests exhibited the highest levels of surface runoff,with the highest recorded surface runoff of 36.4 mm,as well as the highest surface runoff ratio,reaching 2.5%.Mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests ranked second in terms of both surface runoff and runoff ratio,while the deciduous coniferous forests exhibited the lowest values for both surface runoff and surface runoff ratio among the studied forest ecosystem types.On the whole,both surface runoff and surface runoff ratio exhibited significantly higher values in evergreen forests compared to deciduous forests(P<0.01),while the broadleaf forests showed slightly higher values for both surface runoff and runoff ratio compared to coniferous forests(P>0.05).Further analysis revealed that both the annual surface runoff and surface runoff ratio of typical forest ecosystems in China showed an exceedingly significant downward trend with the increase of latitude,which adhered to a power function relationship(P<0.01),as well as exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with annual precipitation in the study areas(P<0.01).In addition,stand structure factors,particularly the leaf area index(LAI)and mean diameter at breast height,significantly influenced the surface runoff ratio characteristics of forest ecosystems.This study provides critical parameters and foundational data for further advancing the scientific and quantitative assessment of the hydrological service functions and values of forest vegetation in China.
作者
任雲雲
邓雅丽
崔自杰
李雪
刘效东
REN Yunyun;DENG Yali;CUI Zijie;LI Xue;LIU Xiaodong(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第15期7527-7538,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515030123)
广东省普通高校省级重大科研项目(2022KTSCX016)
广东省林业科技创新项目(2021KJCX003)
国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目(2022132250)。
关键词
地表径流
水源涵养
水文调节
服务功能
森林水文
surface runoff
water conservation
hydrological regulation
service function
forest hydrology
