摘要
目的:基于国家对学龄前儿童生活方式的最新推荐标准,探索和验证学龄前儿童健康生活方式和心理行为问题的相关性,为预防儿童心理行为问题提供循证依据。方法:通过整群抽样对5所幼儿园3~6岁在园儿童的家长进行问卷调查,包含人口学信息、养育环境情况、儿童的生活方式以及心理行为问题情况。使用卡方检验、单因素和多因素logistic回归,对儿童生活方式和心理行为问题的相关性进行探索和验证。结果:本研究有效数据共1190份。在调查的6个生活方式中,有5~6个符合国家推荐标准的学前儿童占比20.4%,3~4个的占比56.6%,3个以下的占比23%。控制了人口学因素、养育环境以及其他生活方式后,充足的睡眠时间(OR=0.506,P<0.01),充分的户外运动时间(OR=0.671,P<0.05),每天食用牛奶/奶制品(OR=0.567,P<0.01)能够减少学龄前儿童心理行为问题的发生风险。学龄前儿童养成健康生活方式的数量越多会相应减少情绪问题(OR=0.852,P<0.01),多动症状(OR=0.779,P<0.01),同伴交往问题(OR=0.773,P<0.01),亲社会行为不足问题(OR=0.782,P<0.01)的发生率。结论:学龄前儿童的生活方式与心理行为问题发生率密切相关,符合我国国家推荐标准的健康生活方式越多,儿童发生心理行为问题的风险越小。
Objective:To explore the associations between lifestyles and preschool children's behavior problems based on the national recommendations in Chinese context and provide evidence to prevent the behavior problems among preschool children.Methods:3-6years old children and their parents were recruited from five kindergartens by convenient cluster sampling to fill a set of questionnaires.The questionnaire survey included the demographic,rearing environment,lifestyles and behavior problems(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ).Chi-square test,unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations between lifestyles and preschool children's behavior problems.Results:The sample size was 1190.Among six lifestyles,20.4%preschool children who had five to six healthy lifestyles reaching the national recommendations,56.6%had three to four healthy lifestyles,23%had less than three healthy lifestyles.After controlling the demographic,rearing environment,and other lifestyles,over 10hours'daily sleep duration(OR=0.506,P<0.01),over 2hours'daily outdoor activity(OR=0.671,P<0.05)and drinkingmilk or dairy products every day(OR=0.567,P<0.01)were negatively related to the total difficulties of SDQ.The number of healthy lifestyles were negatively related to the emotional problems(OR=0.852,P<0.01),hyperactivity(OR=0.779,P<0.01),peer problems(OR=0.773,P<0.01)and prosocial insufficiency(OR=0.782,P<0.01).Conclusion:Lifestyles are associated with the behavior problems among preschool children.More lifestyles reaching our national recommendations contributes to reducing the risk of developing behavior problems.
作者
朱珠
李秀敏
金春燕
杨晨晨
ZHU Zhu;LI Xiumin;JIN Chunyan(Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College,Xuzhou 221004,China)
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
北大核心
2022年第9期1345-1350,共6页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(编号:21CSH032)
江苏省高等教育教改研究项目(编号:2019JSJG429)
奕阳教育研究院青年学者项目(编号:SEI-QXZ-2020-23)。
关键词
心理行为问题
生活方式
学龄前儿童
养育环境
循证医学
Behavior problems
Lifestyle
Preschool children
Rearing environment
Evidence-based medicine
