摘要
减数分裂(meiosis)是有性生殖生物在生殖细胞成熟过程中发生的特殊分裂方式。与有丝分裂相比,减数分裂需要保证染色体数目精准减半,而且同源染色体的部分交换是减数分裂过程中引入基因重组、实现子代个体遗传多样性的结构基础。这些减数分裂特有的事件都与减数分裂前期Ⅰ的染色体动态变化密切相关。然而,目前在高校本科生细胞生物学实验教学中,却无法像有丝分裂观察那样,普遍开设减数分裂观察实验,原因在于取材具有较多限制,并且减数分裂前期Ⅰ各时期染色体的形态结构很难同时观察到。该文作者根据科研活动积累的经验,尝试利用秀丽隐杆线虫为材料,进行减数分裂前期Ⅰ各时期染色体形态结构的观察。旨在通过教学改革实践探索,丰富本科生细胞生物学实验教学内容,使学生更加深刻地理解减数分裂的动态过程以及有丝分裂与减数分裂的差别,进而深入领会减数分裂对于生命演化的意义。
Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that generates haploid gametes from diploid germ cells.Compared with mitosis,meiosis requires an extra set of systems to ensure precise halving of chromosome.Moreover,the partial exchange of homologous chromosomes is the structural basis for the introduction of gene recombination during meiosis and the achievement of individual genetic diversity of offspring.All of these meiosis-specific events are closely related to the process of meiosis prophase Ⅰ.However,in the current undergraduate experimental teaching of Cell Biology,it is hard to set up meiosis experiments,because of more restricted access to materials and the difficulty of observing the morphological structure of chromosomes in all periods of meiosis Ⅰ at the same time.Based on the experience accumulated in scientific research,the authors tried to use Caenorhabditis elegans as material to observe the morphological structure of chromosomes in each stage of meiosis prophase Ⅰ.It aims to enrich the teaching content of Cell Biology Experiments for undergraduates through teaching reform and practice.Students will gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of meiosis and the difference between mitosis and meiosis,and then gain a deeper understanding of the significance of meiosis for the evolution of life.
作者
李家祥
刘立波
魏民
李晓雪
曾宪录
巴雪青
王若曦
LI Jiaxiang;LIU Libo;WEI Min;LI Xiaoxue;ZENG Xianlu;BA Xueqing;WANG Ruoxi(College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China;College of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130026,China)
出处
《中国细胞生物学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2021年第11期2177-2185,共9页
Chinese Journal of Cell Biology
基金
吉林省教育厅高等教育教改研究重点项目(批准号:DBSFDX-20170703)资助的课题。
