摘要
乳脂既是影响鲜奶质量的关键因素,又是奶牛育种的主要目标性状。为探索乳脂形成规律及其调控的理论和途径,收集国内外最新文献资料,阐述功能性非编码RNA对反刍家畜乳脂代谢的表观遗传学调控。结果表明:1)乳脂合成过程中PPARγ是至关重要的调控因子,在牛上miR-29s、miR-454、miR-34b和miR-27a均与其存在结合位点,分别在启动子区和3’-UTR等位置发挥重要功能,进而影响牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)甘油三酯(TAG)的合成。2)众多调控山羊乳脂代谢的microRNA,其靶基因很多都来自过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体家族,提示该家族对山羊乳脂合成和分解代谢起着关键调控作用。3)miR-27a目前在反刍家畜牛和羊中均已被鉴定出通过调控PPARγ来抑制TAG的合成及相关成脂基因的表达。4)lncRNA和circRNA调控反刍家畜乳脂代谢机制方面的研究相对较少,主要侧重于lncRNA和circRNA对乳脂的调控是通过microRNA间接作用于成脂基因,对基因的表达具有积极效应。综上,lncRNA、circRNA和microRNA调控乳脂代谢的研究仍在继续,具体的作用机制还有待更深入的研究和探索,进一步为反刍家畜乳脂调控机制研究提供新思路。
Milk fat is not only a key factor affecting the quality of fresh milk,but also the main target character of dairy cow breeding.In order to explore the theory and approach of milk fat formation and regulation,the epigenetic regulation of milk fat metabolism in ruminants by functional non-coding RNA was expounded by collecting the latest literature.The results showed that:1)PPARγis a crucial regulatory factor in the process of milk fat synthesis.In bovine,miR-29 s、miR-454、miR-34 band miR-27 aall have binding sites with PPARγ,which respectively play important roles in promoter region or 3’-UTR,thus affecting the synthesis of BMECs TAG.2)A variety of the target genes of microRNAs regulating goat milk fat metabolism come from peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor family,which suggests that this family plays a key regulatory role in goat milk fat synthesis and catabolism.3)miR-27 ais identified in ruminant including cattle and sheep by regulating PPARγto inhibit the synthesis of tag and the expression of lipid related genes.4)There are relatively few studies on the regulation mechanism of milk fat metabolism by lncRNA and circRNA in ruminants.But it is clear that they focus on the regulation of milk fat by sponging microRNAs to indirectly regulating lipid-generating genes,which has a positive effect on gene expression.In conclusion,studies on the regulation of milk fat metabolism by lncRNA,circRNA and microRNA are still ongoing,and the specific mechanism remains to be further studied and explored to provide new ideas for the research on the regulation mechanism of milk fat in ruminants.
作者
母童
虎红红
冯小芳
顾亚玲
张娟
MU Tong;HU Honghong;FENG Xiaofang;GU Yaling;ZHANG Juan(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期80-89,共10页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
宁夏自治区农业育种专项优质高产奶牛选育资助项目(2019NYYZ05)。
