摘要
为探讨茶园科学施肥技术,2019—2020年在湖南岳阳市茶园研究了施茶叶专用肥对茶叶产量及品质的影响。结果表明:与不施肥和茶农习惯施肥相比,施茶叶专用肥均可显著增加春茶产量,促进茶叶内营养物质的积累,改善茶叶品质,提高茶树的经济效益;其中,施驱虫型有机肥模式增产提质效果最好,与不施肥和茶农习惯施肥相比,百芽重分别增加114.65%和58.60%,茶芽密度分别提高26.50%和20.83%,春茶(一芽一叶)产量为57.58 kg/667m^2,分别增产164.01%和90.98%,茶叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物等营养成分累积量最大,酚氨比最低,茶叶品质最好;而茶叶专用复合肥+驱虫型有机肥配施模式下茶树的经济效益最好,与不施肥和茶农习惯施肥相比产值分别增加2046.0和1778.8元/667m^2,增幅分别为117.26%和88.41%。因此,施驱虫型有机肥模式适合在有机茶园中进一步推广应用,而茶叶专用复合肥+驱虫型有机肥配施模式值得在成龄茶园中进行大规模推广应用。
In order to explore the scientific fertilization technology in tea garden,the effects of six fertilization patterns on the yield and quality of tea were studied in Yueyang tea plantation from 2019 to 2020.The results showed that four formula fertilization patterns of special compound fertilizer for tea could produce higher yields,more nutrients accumulation,better quality and more economic benefits than non-fertilization and conventional fertilization patterns(the controls).Among them,the pattern of applying insecticidal organic fertilizer had the best effect in increasing yield and quality;compared with the controls,it increased 100-bud weight by 114.65%and 58.60%,increased the tea bud density by 26.50%and 20.83%,respectively;the yield of spring tea(one bud with one leaf)was 863.7 kg/hm^2,increased by 164.01%and 90.98%,respectively;furthermore,the accumulation of tea polyphenols,amino acids,caffeine,water extract and other nutrients in the tea were the largest,the phenol-ammonia ratio was the lowest,and the tea quality was the best.Under the application pattern of special compound fertilizer for tea combined with organic fertilizer,the tea had the best economic benefits;its output value increased by 30690 yuan/hm^2 and 26682 yuan/hm^2,was up 117.26%and 88.41%,respectively compared with the controls.Therefore,insecticidal organic fertilizer application pattern is suitable for further promotion and application in organic tea garden,and the combined application pattern of tea special compound fertilizer plus insecticidal organic fertilizer is worthy of large-scale popularization and application in mature tea garden.
作者
戴美玲
向铁军
陈琪
卢盛杰
江涛
冯正锐
包小村
DAI Mei-ling;XIANG Tie-jun;CHEN Qi;LU Sheng-jie;JIANG Tao;FENG Zheng-rui;BAO Xiao-cun(Hunan Gold Leaf Public Expectation Technology Company Limited,Linxiang 414300,PRC;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Linxiang,Linxiang 414300,PRC;Tea Research Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2020年第12期32-35,共4页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科学技术部项目(2018YFD0800505)。
关键词
施肥模式
春茶产量
生化品质
经济效益
fertilization patterns
spring tea yield
biochemical quality
economic benefits
