摘要
【目的】探究不同施肥模式对甘肃文县茶叶产量与品质的影响,以减轻茶园由于长期不合理施肥带来的茶叶品质下降与土壤酸化等环境问题。【方法】以文县‘龙井43’茶树品种成龄茶园(1999年种植)为研究对象,进行田间小区试验,设置4种不同施肥处理(A:常规施肥;B:复合肥;C:有机肥+脲甲醛缓释肥;D:有机肥+脲甲醛缓释叶面肥),以不施肥处理为对照组,探讨不同施肥模式对春、夏、秋三季茶叶产量和品质的影响。【结果】有机肥与脲甲醛缓释肥配施可以增加茶叶产量、提升茶叶品质。在产量方面,各施肥处理对年均鲜叶产量提高7.11%~24.68%,其中春茶产量增幅最大,达50.37%;在品质成分方面,处理C显著增加夏季茶鲜叶茶多酚含量(增幅达7.76%),而处理B则导致夏季茶鲜叶茶多酚含量下降8.34%。此外,处理D使春季茶鲜叶酚氨比显著降低21.34%(从CK的5.67降至4.46),秋茶酚氨比则呈现D>B>C>A的趋势。同时,处理D还分别提升了春季和秋季茶鲜叶水浸出物含量4.23%和2.23%。对不同处理所制绿茶样感官审评结果表明,处理D总分最高。【结论】有机肥与脲甲醛缓释叶面肥配施(D处理)能够同步优化茶叶产量与品质,并有效降低夏茶酚氨比,弥补有机肥速效性不足的问题。
【Objective】Effects of fertilization with varied combinations of fertilizers on tea yield and quality were studied for an efficient farming practice at plantations.【Method】In Wen County,Gansu Province,at a plantation of Longjing 43 Tea bushes planted in 1999,a field experimentation was conducted using different combinations of fertilizers on separate lots.Along with no fertilization as control(CK),Treatment A that used rapeseed meal+fermented chicken manure+urea,Treatment B that employed a compound fertilizer+urea,Treatment C that applied an organic fertilizer+a urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer,and Treatment D that included an organic fertilizer+a urea formaldehyde slow-release foliar fertilizer were implemented with three replicates for each group.Water content and hundred-shoots weight as well as yield and quality of spring,summer,and autumn teas of the bushes on the lots were determined.【Result】Treatment D significantly improved the indicators of quality and yield of the tea bushes,especially the 6.51%increased output on 3-season average fresh leaf weight over CK.On the other hand,Treatment C rendered the greatest 50.37%increase on the spring harvest but no significant difference between the summer and autumn outputs.Insofar as tea quality is concerned,Treatment C performed significantly better on the content of tea polyphenols with an increase of 7.76%over CK,as opposed to Treatment B with an 8.34%decline on polyphenols in the summer tea.Treatment D significantly reduced the phenol/ammonia ratio of spring tea by 21.32%,from 5.67 to 4.46 of CK,whereas the ratios of autumn tea ranked on the treatments as D>B>C>A.The treatment also raised the water extracts in tea leaves harvested in the spring and autumn by 4.23%and 2.23%,respectively.Assessed by the national sensory evaluation standard for green teas,the tea received the highest total score came from the lot under Treatment D.【Conclusion】The combination of fertilizers used in Treatment D not only significantly increased the tea yield and quality but also effectively lowered the phenol/ammonia ratio in the summer tea,ant at the same time,resolved the slow releasing problem of organic fertilizer.
作者
马世福
梁超
李其昀
郭淑文
MA Shifu;LIANG Chao;LI Qiyun;GUO Shuwen(Tea Industry Development Service Center of Wen xian,Wen xian,Gansu,7746400)
出处
《茶叶学报》
2025年第3期43-50,共8页
Acta Tea Sinica
基金
甘肃省强科技奖补资金项目(2024CX001)。
关键词
茶园
施肥模式
产量
品质
Tea plantation
fertilization
yield
quality
